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		<title>Book of the Sultan&#8217;s Seal</title>
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		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[I finished your magnum opus [Kitab at Tugra] two days ago, with tears in my eyes, and I&#8217;ve been intoxicated since, in the most Faridian sense of the word. Among other things, no one (REPEAT: NO ONE) has ever written &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/24/book-of-the-sultans-seal/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=2798&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<p>I finished your magnum opus [Kitab at Tugra] two days ago, with tears in my eyes, and I&#8217;ve been intoxicated since, in the most <em>Faridian</em> sense of the word. Among other things, no one (REPEAT: NO ONE) has ever written so wondrously about love and sex in Arabic the way you did in the last two chapters of the novel, i.e. &#8212; making the Arabic language make love as it has never done before. <a title="Ibn al-Farid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Farid" rel="wikipedia">Ibn al Farid</a> should feel so comfortable, and so privileged, and so sexy in your company. But that&#8217;s not your major achievement, No Sir. You managed to write a perfect (REPEAT: PERFECT) Arabic novel, on so many levels. Very few writers have done that, and to enter the Hall of Fame with a first novel is nothing short of miraculous. Your meticulous attention to what turns a text into a stunning novel is absolutely amazing, and your masterful control of all the aspects of your text is something that should be taught in writing programs. But above all, I think, your major achievement is in being what <a title="Michel Foucault" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Foucault" rel="wikipedia">Foucault</a> would call &#8220;a discourse initiator&#8221; &#8212; someone who single handedly changes a discipline, and in this case the discipline of the Arabic novel. You are my <a class="zem_slink" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Jabarti" rel="wikipedia">al Jabarti</a> of the Arabic novel. &#8212; <a title="Anton Shammas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Shammas" rel="wikipedia">Anton Shammas</a> in a private e-mail<span id="more-2798"></span></p>
<p><strong>Kitab at-Tugra is forthcoming in Paul Starkey&#8217;s English translation in 2013</strong></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Book of the Sultan’s Seal: Synopsis</span></p>
<p>Kitab at-Tughra or Book of the Sultan’s Seal, set over three weeks in the spring of 2007 and completed at the start of 2010, was published less than a fortnight after the then Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak stepped down, following mass protests, on February 11, 2011, ceding power to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces of which he was technically in charge.</p>
<p>Modeled on a medieval Arabic manuscript in the form of a letter addressed to the writer’s — in this case, the hero’s — close friend, a London-based psychiatrist, Kitab at-Tughra is made up of nine long chapters, “epistles” or “books” (the two words can be interchangeable in literary Arabic), each centered on a journey by car in greater Cairo. They are preceded by a khutba or address, which doubles as an extended table of contents and statement of intent; several appendices, including a quasi-bibliography and a glossary of colloquial and foreign terms, are attached at the end.<br />
Each journey, while developing the storyline, is a personal monograph on a topic; respectively: matrimony, sociology, psychology, the paranormal, history, friendship, love and erotica (the ninth, a compilation of fragments from the hero’s journals and notebooks made after he has left Cairo for Beirut — the last journey and the only one by plane, is a series of eight musings on the previous chapters emulating the format of ibn Arabi’s Epistles).<br />
The text is interspersed with quotes from Arabic sources, many of them medieval; some chapters are not so much parodies as miniature, post-millennial versions of specific canonical classics: ibn Khaldun’s Prolegomenon (5), al Jahiz’s Book of Misers (6), ibn Hazm’s The Ring of the Dove (7), ibn al Farid’s Diwan (8). To a degree, all benefit from The Travels of ibn Battuta, The Thousand and One Nights and al Maqrizi’s Khutat.<br />
Written in numerous registers of Arabic, the book attempts to produce a contemporary equivalent of the “middle Arabic” in which the great Cairo historians Jabarti and ibn Iyass both wrote: a language that juxtaposes fixed formal grammar with an idiomatically distinct contemporary vernacular, rich in non-Arabic vocabulary.<br />
Kitab at-Tughra is in a portrait of Cairo, city of (post-9/11) Islam. Focusing on the Ottoman Empire as the last seat of the Caliphate, it is also a mystery-detective thriller that at the same time subverts and substantiates conspiracy-theory accounts of Muslim demise, suggesting that the way to a renaissance has less to do with dogma and jihad than with such things as love poetry and calligraphy and the cultural heterogeneity inherent in Islam.<br />
The story is told alternately by and from the viewpoint of Mustafa Çorbaci, its British-educated, hero, who has solicited a Beirut-based Egyptian to help him to write an account of his strange experiences, referred to in the rhymed-prose subtitle of the book: gharayib at-tarikh fi madinat al marrikh, or The Oddities of History in the City of Mars (the latter reference being an allusion to the story that Fatimid Cairo, the second, initially royal-military settlement to form the city, was built by mistake while Mars was in the ascendant).<br />
The book also includes sketches made by Mustafa. Like giant punctuation marks, they illustrate his cartographic attempt to retrieve a Cairo that, by the time the story starts, he feels he has already lost completely. By the end Mustafa’s map of Cairo, made by matching drawings he has made with his eyes shut, has the shape of the Ottomans’ best-known calligraphic emblem, the tuğra in which the names of the sultans were inscribed.</p>
<p>Mustafa, an amateur draughtsman, has worked for nearly a decade at the business division of the largest government-controlled press conglomerate in Egypt. Having married “a liberated woman my own age,” as he puts it, “like me caught between two cultures”, he feels sufficiently accomplished and secure until their bond begins, subtly at first, to flounder; and his wife’s pregnancy — she will have an abortion on her own initiative after they separate — only makes things worse.<br />
It is largely through Mustafa’s observations and memories that a context is established for the theme of the book: the contemporary Arab-Muslim’s desperation for a sense of identity which, having been let down by the postcolonial nation state, he (like Osama bin Laden, like millions of bearded young men on the streets of Arab countries) — and who is to say they are misguided? — is driven to seek out in his creed.<br />
This he does, not in reductive, prohibitive and violent registers of the faith, but thanks to Mustafa’s irreverence and love of life, in the unrealistic vision of a possible Caliphate. A vague sort of neo-Ottoman paradise will grant the Umma the dignity and power it deserves without robbing individual Muslims of intellectual and moral freedoms.<br />
Through a range of parallels between Ottoman history and his own life, which emerge against the odds in almost every detail — even Çorbaci, a common enough surname, turns out to be the epithet of a janissary rank — Mustafa grafts that vision of Muslim renaissance onto events and practices of the Anatolian dynasty, notably the early conquests of Constantinople and of Cairo, the consequent, progressive grandeur of Suleiman I’s reign, and, starting with Mahmud II and Abdülmecid I, the last Ottoman sultans’ vision for a multicultural Muslim commonwealth (which was both rivaled and mirrored by Muhammad Ali Pasha’s Cairo- as opposed to Istanbul-centered vision for a Muslim-Arab commonwealth).<br />
Mustafa contrasts this notion of identity with a range of nationalist legacies in his own life — the tendency to see Mameluks as true Egyptians up against the Ottoman invader, for example — and he identifies political Islam in its existing formulations with the same military-minded and insular quasi-fascism that held Muslims back all through the twentieth century.</p>
<p>The book opens with Mustafa’s harrowing separation, after only one year of marriage, from his London-bred but sporadically conventional wife, who remains nameless and absent from the story. His move back to live with his mother in a different quarter of Cairo sets the tone:<br />
Dwelling on the sense of losing his tie with the city while he drives from one house to the other, Mustafa is poised for the next, circular journey: his daily trip from “the family house”, as he calls his parents’ small flat, to “the office”, part of one of the city center’s largest architectural monstrosities, and back. Increasingly, the disintegration of his private life has echoed in the public life surrounding him: social, institutional, moral… On the verge of mental collapse, he begins to have dreams or visions; in the three weeks during which the action of the novel transpires he will make strange discoveries about his coworkers-friends whose fates — typical or archetypal, comically expressive representations of said disintegration — will turn out to be cosmically entwined with his own.<br />
These include: the violently psychotic ex-police officer Amgad Salah who, once a cocaine addict, turned to Salafi Islam after a significant breakdown strangely associated with the most eccentric employee at the office, the hypochondriac graduate of al Azhar, Wahidaddin (Wahid) al Qorani, a religious scholar-turned-exemplar of hidden unemployment with a speech impediment; the rich, loud, American-bred racist and chauvinist Copt Michel Fustuq, the son of a plumber-turned-businessman with ties to the family of Mustafa’s divorcee-to-be and, as Mustafa eventually discovers, her lover prior to the marriage; and the obese, sexually ambiguous Aldo Mantenzica, the son of a Makua émigré artist who, after leaving Mozambique for Portugal, had befriended the famous Egyptian painter Hamid Nada and inexplicably settled in Cairo with his witchcraft-practicing wife.<br />
But it is Wahidaddin’s role as the earthly medium for his namesake, the last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI Vâhid ād-Din, that will eventually explain everything, including the Azharite’s peculiar attachment to Aldo: when the sultan first manifested in Wahid’s body, Aldo’s mother attempted to perform an exorcism on him, a procedure that involved Aldo reluctantly penetrating his hapless coworker. In one way or another, as Sultan Mehmed VI reveals to Mustafa, they are all party to a cosmic, centuries-old conspiracy against Muslim civilization. (In a dream towards the end, Wahid appears to Mustafa as the Sultan, Amgad as the Şeyhülislam, Michel as the Grand Vizier and Aldo as the Kızlar Ağası of an Ottoman court.)</p>
<p>On the five hundred and fifth anniversary of the Ottoman conquest of Cairo, at the office, Mustafa encounters, through Wahidaddin, the ghost of Vâhid ād-Din, whose tuğra is emblazoned on a silver ring Amgad almost buys at the mall (drawn to the ring and realizing it fits him, Mustafa buys it for himself in Amgad’s stead; neither friend knows what the calligraphic emblem stands for, but it is on his hand when the sultan manifests). Then, between public libraries and the Internet, doing three years’ worth of research in three days, Mustafa explores the Sublime State.<br />
Not in so many words, the sultan explains to Mustafa that the conspiracy employs both secular military despots (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Nasser) and politicized fundamentalists to quell Muslim glory: by finding one of seven lost sheets of vellum on which Vâhid ād-Din’s father Sultan Abdülmecid I, an amateur calligrapher, wrote Surat Mariam, the chapter of the Quran about the Virgin Mary, Mustafa will contribute in a mysterious, theosophical manner which the sultan cannot explain to him to the unification and revival of the Umma.<br />
This is the task Amgad was offered, and could not shoulder, when Wahidaddin first “got sick” and he had the breakdown that turned him into a bearded Salafi.<br />
Through further journeys across Cairo, Mustafa has a reunion with the married elder sister of another coworker, Yıldız (Turkish for star, it is also the name Abdülhamid II’s palace on the hills) a literary scholar ten years his senior who, living with her family in France, has returned for a brief spell by herself in Cairo; seemingly because of her predestined role of providing him with the first clue on his treasure hunt, they fall madly in love, rediscovering themselves in passion. And it is in her house on the Muqattam Hills the he finds, among the family possession, a handmade reproduction of what he is looking for by a close friend of her father, an old school bourgeois scholar: an old Iraqi calligrapher who, when last heard of, was living in Beirut…</p>
<h1>Between worlds by Mona Anis</h1>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">The publication of Youssef Rakha&#8217;s first novel <em>Kitab al-Tugra</em>: <em> Gharaib al-Tarikh fi Madinat al-Marikh </em> (Book of the Sultan&#8217;s Seal: Strange Incidents from History in the City of Mars) coincided with the beginning of the Egyptian popular uprising on January 25. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">I am not sure whether this coincidence is fortunate or unfortunate, since a historical event of such wide import as the Egyptian uprising will naturally overshadow the appearance of any new novel, no matter how accomplished. Nevertheless, it could be argued that the uprising itself, especially since it largely took place in central Cairo, an area which Rakha calls in his novel the “Gate of the World” (<em>Bab al-Dunya</em> in Arabic), vindicates much that is included in this particular book, in large part a chronicle of the decay of the city and a call to arms. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">This is also a coincidence that befits the Egyptian capital, itself founded as a result of a historical coincidence. In the book’s prologue (<em>Khutbat al-kitab</em> in Arabic), Rakha mentions this, quoting the words of Egyptian historian <a class="zem_slink" title="Muhammad ibn Iyas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Iyas" rel="wikipedia">Ibn Iyas</a> (1448-1522) from his famous book <em>Bada&#8217;i al-Zuhur fil Waqa&#8217;i al-Duhur</em>. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">According to Ibn Iyas, the Fatimid Caliph Al-Muizz li-Din Allah, who founded Cairo in 969, ordered astrologers and fortune-tellers to find the most fortunate place and time to lay the city’s foundation stone. A complicated system of ropes and bells was devised to send a signal to the builders once the place and time had been decided, but a crow landed on one of the ropes, causing the bells to ring and the builders to lay the foundation stone before the appointed time. By then, it was too late for the astrologers to rectify the matter. However, they noted that the planet Mars (<em>Al-Qahir</em> in Arabic) was in the ascendant at the time, and as a result the city was called <em>Al-Qahira</em> (the City of Mars of Rakha’s title). </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Also in the prologue to his novel, which imitates the style of Arab chroniclers like Ibn Iyas and Jabarti, Rakha sets out the content of his book:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">From the prologue, readers will know that the story they are about to read is in the past tense and that it involves both first-person and third-person narrators. “Wanting to give the story some variety, five sections are narrated by Mustapha and three by an anonymous narrator,” the prologue says. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Regarding what happens to Mustafa Nayif Çorbaci, the protagonist and main narrator, we learn from the first chapter of the novel, entitled “From Dog&#8217;s Alley to Dreams’ Bridge,” that he leaves home on 30 March 2007 feeling despondent and bereft, having decided once and for all to separate from his wife – thus begins a labyrinthine journey through the thoroughfares of Cairo. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">The author explains in the prologue that each of the novel’s nine chapters deals with an event that takes place while Mustafa is wandering the city trying to make sense of external and internal disintegration. Attempts are made to bring together various partings and to find cohesion in materials having to do with flight and dispersal.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Each neighbourhood is described metaphorically, in order that it can be reclaimed for the narrative, as Rakha puts it in a recent interview. Thus, Dog&#8217;s Alley (in Arabic, <em>Darb al-Kalb</em>) and Dreams’ Bridge (<em>Gisr al-Hilm</em>) are the names the author gives to the neighbourhoods of <a class="zem_slink" title="Maadi" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=29.9666666667,31.25&amp;spn=1.0,1.0&amp;q=29.9666666667,31.25%20%28Maadi%29&amp;t=h" rel="geolocation">Maadi</a> and Dokky, respectively, the former being the place where Mustafa lives with his wife and the latter the place where his parents’ house is located and where he goes after leaving his wife.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Besides Maadi and Dokky, Mustafa&#8217;s itinerary over the 21days covered in the novel includes seven other Cairo districts, each of which is given a metaphorical name. Thus, downtown Cairo is called the “Gate of the World,” the beginning of the Alexandria Desert Road where the vast Carrefour supermarket is located is called “Khan of Secrets” (<em>Khan al-Sirr</em>), the desert on the outskirts of Giza is called “Desert Port” (<em>Mina al-Raml</em>), the area covering <a class="zem_slink" title="Nasr City" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=30.05,31.3666666667&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;q=30.05,31.3666666667%20%28Nasr%20City%29&amp;t=h" rel="geolocation">Madinat Nasr</a> and Heliopolis up to Cairo airport is called the “Aeroplane&#8217;s Playground” (<em>Hosh Tayara</em>), Zamalek is called the “Sea of Japan” (<em>Bahr al-Yaban</em>), the Muqattam Hills is called the “Hill of Trees” (<em>Kom Shagar</em>) and the October Bridge, linking Cairo to Giza, is called the “Dry Nile” (<em>Al-Nil al-Nashef</em>).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In each of these places, Mustafa, sometimes in the company of one of four male characters, colleagues at the newspaper he works for, has a harrowing experience, and each of his colleagues, by virtue either of madness or meanness, is capable of assuming different masks or guises. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In the fourth chapter of the novel, one of these characters takes the form of <a class="zem_slink" title="Mehmed VI" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_VI" rel="wikipedia">Mehmed VI Vahdeddin</a>, the last sultan ofthe Ottoman Empire and 100th Caliph of Islam. Vahdeddin assigns Mustafa the task of finding one of seven lost manuscripts that together make up the complete text of the <em>Surat Mariam</em> from the <em>Qur’an</em>. These manuscripts were written by the sultan’s father Abdulmecid, and they are among the few things that Vahdeddin took with him into exile. Mustafa finds a copy of one of the manuscripts in the novel’s eighth chapter in the house of a woman with whom he has fallen in love. She is also the reason why he himself embarks on writing a treatise on eroticism. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In the novel’s final chapter, narrated in the third person by an anonymous narrator, we learn of Mustafa&#8217;s desire to become a professional calligrapher. He has drawn his nine itineraries through the city as three separate maps, and as he places these on top of each other he sees that they combine to form a shape like the seal of an Ottoman sultan. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In Rakha’s words, “after each journey he makes over three weeks in Cairo, Mustafa Çorbaci traces his route across or adjacent to the Nile. He draws with his eyes shut, in order to avoid the influence of reality. At the end, having renamed the relevant neighbourhoods the better to reclaim them for his story, he combines his drawings and ends up with a <em>tuğra</em>, or sultan&#8217;s seal.”</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">A <em> tuğra </em>is not only a seal, however, since the word can also mean a stylized drawing, often in the shape of a bouquet of flowers, in Arabic usage. There is much in Rakha’s novel, with its anecdotes written in stylized prose, that resembles such emblematic bouquets. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Indeed, the inter-textual references in this thoroughly hybrid text are astonishing, and, rooted in the classical Arabic tradition of the literature of the criminal underworld and the <em>maqamat</em>, the book shares characteristics with the work of modern Arab writers like Emile Habibi and Yehia El-Taher Abdalla. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">However, this is also a text that benefits from traditional and modern western culture. Rabelaisian in its satire and robust language, it also includes references to popular horror and zombie literature, notably to George Romero&#8217;s 1968 film <em>Night of the Living Dead</em>. All this, and much more, is woven together in a magical realist style that injects things too strange for belief into the realistic setting of the novel.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"><em>Kitab al-Tugra</em>: <em>Gharaib al-Tarikh fi Madinat al-Marikh </em> is an outstanding first novel by an author who has a special ability to deal with modern and classical material, both Arab and western, with equal ease. One looks forward to further novels with eager anticipation. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"><strong><!--more--><br />
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<p>***</p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;"><strong><em>Book of the Sultan&#8217;s Seal</em> according to the author</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In the canonically inspired prologue to <em>Book of the Sultan&#8217;s Seal</em> (<em>khutbat al-kitab</em>, to use the correct term), and as per Arab writerly conventions of the past, the author sets out all that his book contains: &#8220;information of what happened to the journalist Mustafa Nayif Çorbaci between 30 March and 19 April, 2007, as chronicled by him in the weeks following that date, and addressed in the fashion of old Arab books to his friend the psychiatrist Rashid Jalal Siyouti, who has resided in the British capital since 2001.&#8221;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Quoting Al-Jahiz in a similar context, the author goes on to say that his book is full of ineloquent constructions and departures from correct grammar – it actually celebrates such language, since it aspires to evoking the voices of the people it talks about. <em>Book of the Sultan&#8217;s Seal</em> treasures the life that the vernacular can breathe into standard Arabic, welcoming the presence of non-Arabic words in the language, which can absorb them and grow the richer, and such words are therefore not marked in any way in the typography.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">As for the structure of the novel, &#8220;This text comprises one story divided into nine sections, with each section chronicling one event which took place in the course of a journey within the city of Cairo… And while each of the nine journeys is linked to a specific event in the story, in time Mustapha begins to see each section as a treatise in one specific discipline.&#8221; He then proceeds to give a list of the journeys in question – the content of the book, their dates, and the disciplines to which they correspond:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">On 30 March, after separating from his wife, Mustafa makes the journey from his marital house in Maadi to the house of his parents in Dokky. This section, according to Rakha, is a treatise on marriage.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In 30 March-7 April, Mustafa has a dream that seems to come true, while he recounts his daily journey from Dokky to downtown Cairo, where he goes to work, and back – an occasion to describe the social disintegration around him – sociology.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">On 7-8 April, Mustapha makes a journey to the mall on the Desert Road, and there – as well as having a strange encounter that seems to be related to the dream – he finds a ring with a calligraphic seal: psychology.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">On 9 April, while on a journey from town to the Other World, Mustafa meets and is given an assignment by the ghost of the last Ottoman sultan, whose seal the ring bears. This, Rakha describes as a treatise on the paranormal.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">On 10-12 April, following the encounter with the sultan, Mustafa makes a journey in books and on the internet, finding out about the Ottomans: history.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">On 13-14 April, Mustafa visits several quarters of Cairo, divorcing his wife and discovering what it is all about: the dream, the ring, his encounter with the sultan. The central journey is to the camel market. It is a treatise on friendship.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">Further confirming what he has discovered, on 15 April Mustafa journeys through Islamic Cairo and encounters a new lover. This is Rakha&#8217;s treatise on love.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In 16-19 April, Mustafa makes the journey from the house of his lover in Muqattam to Cairo Airport, having found the object he needs to start undertaking his assignment. This is a treatise on eroticism.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">After 19 April, Mustafa is in Beirut undertaking his assignment. This is not so much a journey as an event, and replaces the treatise with a series of parables mimicking the eight previous sections.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:small;">In the interest of variety, the author goes on to say, five sections are told by Mustafa (1, 2, 4, 5, 7) while the other three are told by an anonymous narrator (3, 6, 8); the ninth and last section is a compendium. The book ends with 40 pages of appendices on different topics, including a glossary of vernacular and unfamiliar terms and expressions.</span></p>
<p>***</p>
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		<title>Thus Spoke Che Nawwarah: Interview with a Revolutionary</title>
		<link>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/23/che-nawwarah/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2013 03:34:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[I became obsessed with sodomizing Sheikh Arif round about the time his posters started crawling all over the streets. Today is July 20, 2012, right? A little over a year and a half after we toppled our president-for-life, Hosny Mubarak. &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/23/che-nawwarah/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=7979&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I became obsessed with sodomizing Sheikh Arif round about the time his posters started crawling all over the streets. Today is July 20, 2012, right? A little over a year and a half after we toppled our president-for-life, Hosny Mubarak. Sheikh Arif’s posters began to show up only three, maybe four months ago—when he announced he was running in the elections held by the Army to replace said president. They seemed to self-procreate. And the more I saw of them, the more intense was the impetus to make the bovine symbol of virility they depicted a creature penetrated. Penetrated personally by me, of course, and I made a pledge to the universe that it would be.</p>
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<p>Yes, indeed, my pale-skinned friend. Just please don’t look so bovine yourself while I tell you. To slip my modestly-sized dingaling into Sheikh Arif’s mighty badonkadonk: out of some sick mixture of fascination and outrage, I guess, it felt more like the purpose of my life than anything I could imagine doing before I died. And the feeling fazed me more than anyone. Even under the historical circumstances, sodomizing Sheikh Arif wasn’t something I could assimilate. With a little loosening of the platysma, I’m sure even you can imagine.</p>
<p>My name is K-h-a-l-i-d (and then) D. (and then) N-a-w-w-a-r-a-h. You know we’ve had TV ads warning us about talking to foreign journalists. Because, the Army tells us, all foreigners are spies. You heard about that too, ha ha! Here, have a cigarette. For one thing, it really makes no difference to my mother’s religion if you are a real operative—you know the expression, “my mother’s religion”? I mean, via business and/or Gulf oil, the Army and the Muslim Brotherhood are both serving foreign interests, right? What difference should it make to my mother’s cunt if you turn out to be a CIA agent? Khalid D. Nawwarah, yes. Drink your beer. I think human beings everywhere should know.</p>
<p>Fear not, gentle spy: I won’t tell you my life story. The important thing is that, like many Egyptians, I’ve spent years pretending to study at a place pretending to be a college that is, in fact, a temple Kafka might have imagined, where priests of social climbing hand out certificates of status to acolytes, granting passage. Totally fucked up. Either you join the mafia of the college-educated or you are cored for life—an apple, yes, to be consumed by the respectable. With the result that standards have been dropping steeply for sixty years, and not just standards of respectability. Like many cyber-activists, who are all dependent on their parents, I attended an expensive private school where I learned my English. Unlike them I’ve always enjoyed reading books in that language, in case you’re wondering how I know things that have nothing to do with either career or country.</p>
<p>You’ve been in Cairo six months, you say. So you know: first we agitated on Facebook. We set a date, a time, and a venue for a big demonstration. Tahrir Square, yes. The riot police killed some of us, and we had an even bigger demonstration. That day they killed so many we ended up occupying the place—millions of us, eventually—protected by the Army. And what were we protesting? Brutality and bureaucracy, control and corruption. Plans to make the presidency a hereditary post, the way it is in Syria. Not, you understand, the conditions of Islam. The plight of the Umma was not on our list of grievances; if anything, we were angry because we didn’t feel we were part of the non-Umma. When we realized something was happening we called it a Revolution, the second, must-see episode in the Arab Spring series.</p>
<p>That was January–February, 2011. And, until February–March, 2012, when it became obvious that our protests were playing into Islamists’ hands and I fell prey to despair, I was deeply involved: as a tweep, a chant-author, a maker of improvised anti-tear gas masks, a field hospital doctor (because, even though I’m thirty-two years old, I’m still a medical student hoping to graduate some day). I was there for every demonstration, every portable slaughterhouse. I saw bodies dismembered by corrugated wheels and blunt swords gashing heads. I hurled stones at people in uniform. I chanted. And that’s how I got the name Che Nawwarah, after the Communist icon Che Guevara. He too was a failed physician. Though now that I’ve read about him, I suspect he was only a fanatical psychopath, a serial killer with pretensions.</p>
<p>The protests started to feel like voluntary sacrificial rites to help the bearded bastards get more power, and I stopped going. I didn’t even try to warn my comrades because I knew they wouldn’t listen. In my despair I could tell the mini-inquisitions were round the corner. Already strangers ruled over us, worse than the tyrants of before. Now that the Islamists were identified with the Revolution, there was no one that would deliver us out of their hand. We would be getting our bread with the peril of our lives because of the thug’s sword. Good Muslims would hang by their hands—not only metaphorically, either—and, by sexual harassment, premature marriage, and female genital mutilation, the women of Cairo would be ravished, so would the maids of the Nile Delta. The faces of true human beings who spoke out would not be spared—but wait! I should explain the difference between Muslim and Islamist in case you’re not an operative and don’t know.</p>
<p>Most Egyptians are Muslim by birth. Many practice, but until the hijab became ubiquitous in the nineties, you could hardly tell. The Islamists are the ones who carry Islam on their person the way you carry an electronic gadget on the subway. From months of study I’ve decided that they don’t stand out in any other way, except maybe by hating women and Christians, foreigners like you and so-called liberals like me. They just have pre-cultural Bedouin beliefs that they call Islam. And they flaunt those beliefs in a range of brands: Nokia-Jihadi (kill the infidels), Samsung-Salafi (kowtow to the autarch and marry as many as four circumcised nine-year-old girls at a time), Apple-Muslim Brotherhood (win elections, win more elections, and win still more elections). . . . The Islamists were the ones who, unbeknown to us, somehow, inherited the Revolution.</p>
<p>You know Jalaluddin Rumi, yeah? The thirteenth-century Farsi poet who became a line of self-help products. On and off, at the time Sheikh Arif appeared in my life, I happened to be reading Rumi’s tome of couplets, <i>Mathnawi</i>. I’m not sure why, considering it’s a pile of regurgitated piety, sludgy from being chewed and rechewed for centuries on end. Maybe I thought it would take my mind off politics. This particular story about a dervish called Daquqi caught my attention. Not much of a story, and I still don’t really get it. But for some reason, as the roll of strange occurrences unfolded, it kept coming back.</p>
<p>My man Daquqi is a very great saint. Beautiful as the moon, wise as the Oracle, caring as Daddy, passionate as Romeo in his love for the All which is the One, etc. He intercedes on behalf of people and performs miracles for them. His prayers are always answered because, any time he wants to, he can get through to the Patriarch Upstairs—the same One who, six centuries back, had sent down his Errand Boy to bring all religion to its conclusion. . . . There is only one thing wrong with Daquqi: he isn’t content to be by himself with God; he wants to meet other saints even after God tells him that, compared to His own, their love is nothing. And so, while still spending the usual inordinate hours praying at night, Daquqi sets out wandering by day—the ocean in a drop and the sun in a mote, etc.—till he arrives at this shore where seven lights appear before him, giant candle flames only he can see. Enchanted, he watches while they become a single light, which later morphs into seven men standing in formation for the ritual prayers he will lead as imam. They also become trees at some point: seven, then one, then six and one; men again, lights again, a tree, one, seven—I don’t know. So they’re praying right there on the sand when Daquqi notices a ship sinking in the distance; he breaks his concentration to intercede on its behalf. By the time the prayer is finished, the ship’s been saved. But the lights/men/trees are upset with Daquqi and they disappear forever, leaving him in perpetual mourning.</p>
<p>Silly story, really. I think it’s supposed to illustrate submission to the divine will, but I guess what made it stick was this idea that God’s love is not enough, that you needed to see Him in human form to be sated, or that we can only talk about the soul for as long as it’s in the body. I probably missed Rumi’s point; then again, it can’t be very healthy to stay up praying all night every night, can it. Instead of distracting me, Daquqi just kind of became part of the Revolution as I thought more and more about His Virtuousness Sheikh Arif.</p>
<p>Arif Kamal Abu Ibrahim: lawyer, wannabe MP (unsuccessful under the Old Regime), TV-Islamist-angelist. He is genial and reverent and funny. The more I pay attention to him, the more I can see a vaguely positive presence, the kind of thing you hang on to if you really hate yourself and don’t know it. He is big; he is pious; he is versed in holy writ. He knows which part of a thief’s hand you must chop off, what kind of rocks are good for stoning an adulteress, when to raid unbelievers, and how to divvy up the loot. He is exactly as petty and pop as he needs to be to lasso countless followers—his need to take over the world is so childish he reminds me of Stewie Griffin—and he plays the followers’ self-hatred like an iPod, to prepare them for helping him do that. Many Islamists believe he is the Leader Egypt Ideally Deserves. I guess that’s what people mean when they say he has charisma: this presence. The sheer size of him and what he says against the Army and injustice make him seem very manly, too—that’s important—although as it turns out. . . . Above his trim silver beard, like a heavy half-moon, he beams out of the slick Twitter-blue background, his chest swathed in a red band. Below it are all three parts of his name, and the slogan: WE WILL LIVE WITH DIGNITY.</p>
<p>But I was telling you about the Revolution. Nearly twenty months now and, as you can see, not much evidence of the term having any meaning. Sometimes I think that’s because within a few months after February 11, 2011—the day the president stepped down and the Army took over—clean-shaven protesters like me had gone home and people with beards started popping out of TV sets. It was our dawn of DEMOCRACY and some of those men would be running for president. Never mind that we were still killed by the hundreds every time we went out to demonstrate, that it was even easier than before to buy votes and manhandle ballots, and that there was no constitution or political tradition. You had to collect thirty thousand signatures to qualify as a candidate for president, unless you could get written endorsement from thirty MPs. Toward the end of 2011, cher DGSE monsieur, we had elected a parliament knowing that the Islamists would automatically win; even as, with Islamist blessings, the temples that are our bodies were being desecrated at street protests—whether by the riot police or the military police or the thug militias, does it matter? But His Virtuousness didn’t need parliament or anything. He not only had one hundred and fifty thousand signatures, he also had more posters than anyone under Allah’s sun. There were so many of them, and in so many different sizes, my friends and I ended up calling him Bu Bi Rahim: the ancient Egyptian god of the electoral publicity poster.</p>
<p>You’ll identify with me, I’m sure, seeing as I too own one of these scary implements of reconnaissance. It can record and instantly transmit not only pictures and sound but also video. Industry standard, the old Masonic apple with a bite taken out of it. Spies of the world, unite, hey? Here, you can see pictures of the protests: graffiti, signs, and slogans as well as posters of Bu Bi Rahim. . . .</p>
<p>But maybe, compassionate coworker, it was not outrage and fascination alone that instilled in my loins the urge to fuck Sheikh Arif. No, not even the despair that led to them in the first place. I’m sure you’ve seen <i>The Matrix</i>? By now the events of last year looked like that kind of video game, a virtual-reality experience on a cosmic scale—as mind-boggling as it is self-sustained. So <i>Egypt Regime Change Challenge</i> for the Wii had to have a forgone conclusion, the kind of big, pious narrative that’s versed in petty pop. The easiest, most obvious plotline, too: it had to end with the Islamists rising to power against the Army’s will. You can see that our role as protestors was predetermined: our euphoria over forcing the president to step down; our struggle with the generals after they took over; our failure to connect with the masses; even my idiot comrades’ support for the Muslim Brotherhood in its pretend fight with said generals. All was programmed into the software. Now it seemed both fair and a kind of compensation to try and bend the rules enough to fulfill my freak desire. Gameplay would proceed as slated whoever the fuck was having the fun. But maybe, for a minute or two, I could work the joystick.</p>
<p>The morning after I first thought of the heavenward butt—I will come back to this—I received an unexpected phone call. April 2, 2012. It has occurred to me since then that, had I promised myself and not the universe that I would bugger Sheikh Arif, that call might never have come. The night before, I had thought of the universe specifically as I muttered the pledge for the first time—as if cutting a deal with it, requesting succor. You think I should’ve thought of God first? But I could never identify with Daquqi. Besides, how can you be sure it’s not the same god that keeps all those mustache-less beards in business, and the prayer marks too—those oblong patches of dead skin they all have on their foreheads that look like a dead woman’s vagina, at least what I imagine a dead woman’s vagina would look like? No, kind informer. The universe is the safer bet.</p>
<p>My iPhone said “Unknown” and I assumed it was an Internet call from some cheap bastard living abroad, but when I swiped the screen with my thumb and put it to my ear there was none of the static I associate with that kind of line. A woman’s voice, clear as a craving, said my name. It was so husky and inviting I felt my shoulder throb, a mean drip of joy battling with the black adrenaline all through my cardiovascular system. (That’s the way I am, for some reason: when I get excited my left shoulder throbs.) I must’ve cleared my throat three times before I finally mumbled:</p>
<p>“Allo?”</p>
<p>“Ustaz Khalid?”</p>
<p>“Yes?”</p>
<p>“I’m sorry I’m phoning out of the blue like this,” the voice went ahead, dead genuine, “but I’m afraid I couldn’t reach you by e-mail, and I thought the phone might be more appropriate anyhow. You probably won’t remember me,” she sounded unbelievably nonchalant, “though you might recall fondling my breasts in a suburban villa in November 2010. You said they were the most gorgeous pair you had ever come across. That evening, by the way, I think I arrived at orgasm seven times.”</p>
<p>“Huh?” My shoulder nearly dislocated itself as, lost between vague memories the voice evoked and the prospect it held dangling, I struggled to think who this might be. “You’re saying—”</p>
<p>“Orgasm, Ustaz Khalid,” once again she used the formal term of address. “I believe you were skillful and kind enough to give me seven of them in straight succession the evening we met. You will of course be surprised that a young Muslim woman of your country should readily concede her own sexual pleasure, but as I’m sure you also realize, the Revolution has changed everything . . . ”</p>
<p>“Carol?”</p>
<p>Carol. It was as though I had been looking for her for six centuries—and to find her so unexpectedly at the other end of the line! The moment she confirmed it was her—”Wow,” she giggled, wringing my heart, “You do remember me!”—it all came skidding back. First, this same voice, so dense you felt you could touch it, the way a barely audible moan could crescendo into birdsong. Then the petite, perfect frame; the musky odor of her childlike sex; the way all of her fit over me like an extra layer of skin, skin that could feel only rapture. And then, the responsiveness of her soul as we did things on the mahogany bed, on the crocodile futon, on the hallway parquet among the cushions, out on the lawn to the sound of the dawn call to prayer. How, for all of a paradisal weekend in the wake of a cocaine-and-techno party at a businessman friend’s on the outskirts of Cairo, I relished that responsiveness. She had been introduced winkingly as the kind of working-class college girl whose liberated attitudes (secret from her family) let her prostitute herself without it looking like prostitution. Her name was so unusual it kind of confirmed that idea. Only a Christian girl of her background could be called Carol, and for some reason I knew she was Muslim. I must’ve assumed this wasn’t her real name. But when it turned out we got along—and I am nowhere near filthy rich enough to help with upward mobility—I doubted the truth of the introduction. She seemed to have true warmth—aside from the sheer heat of her, heh heh!—so I gave in. My businessman friend, who owns several ridiculously well-maintained luxury villas in the suburbs while living in the spy-infested, formerly aristocratic island of Zamalek, was happy to leave us in his villa for as long as we wanted to stay. Marriage was mentioned, as it nearly always is; but, after I drove her to Tahrir Square from Sheikh Zayed City (all the high-end suburbs of Cairo are cities, for some reason), it took only two days of not calling for her to disappear. Isn’t it ironic that I dropped her off in Tahrir Square, of all places?</p>
<p>She seriously disappeared. Change of phone number, change of alleged college and part-time job—she had kept her parents’ address from everyone anyway—and none of our friends in common knew anything about her. That kind of confirmed my suspicion that Carol wasn’t what she seemed. I was heartbroken. It freaked me out how heartbroken I was, which might be why I got so wholeheartedly into the Revolution. I hadn’t been thinking of Carol when it occurred to me to sodomize Sheikh Arif, but it’s occurred to me since then that the sense of purpose I felt about that, much like the sense of purpose I had felt about the Revolution, was rooted in my need to find her.</p>
<p>“Where by the religion of your father did you vanish to, you shoe,” I laughed into my iPhone now, feeling close enough to use such profane terminology of endearment. “And what’s with all this formality? Ustaz? Ustaz, by your mother’s cunt?” Now that I knew who I was talking to the throbbing had slowed to a pleasant rate. In reality, of course, I had no idea who I was talking to. Carol did change her tone to trade memories and remarks. She laughed, she snorted; one phrase—“miss that,” I think—released a moan-like sigh that did not quite crescendo into birdsong. She summoned feelings that were so intense they’d had to vaporize just as suddenly as they condensed when I found her in Sheikh Zayed City. But she gave no indication of her whereabouts and no real promise of a reunion; and I forgot to ask what unknown number she was calling from.</p>
<p>I don’t suppose that, in the whole of your time with the Mossad, you’ve ever heard anyone pour out their heart so readily? As I’ve said, the night I met Carol I did wonder about her motives. But, giving up on reaching a conclusion, I resigned myself to her earnestness and my instant love—a love I stupidly thought wouldn’t last longer than two weeks unless I saw her constantly. In the first two days after I went home I worried about controlling the impulse to call her, which must be why, for two days, I didn’t. As it turns out I was never to see her again. (That’s not entirely true, as you will see, but for all intents and purposes . . . ) The more I think about it, even today, the more definitely I feel there is not enough evidence of there existing a human being called Carol—not in the normal sense of human existence, no—not after all I’ve seen. Still, after she hung up that morning, the suspicion that she might not be human didn’t hit me. What happened was I sat down and reviewed what, only hours after I first felt the urge to sodomize Sheikh Arif, the closest thing I have known to a houri of the paradise Allah prepared for the faithful had just told me over the phone:</p>
<ul>
<li>That she knew I must be thinking about the sad fate of our Revolution, and I was right to think there was worse to come from the Islamists, “people who simply could not mind their own business,” she said.</li>
<li>That she was calling because she had been asked by a bunch of guys who knew Bill Burroughs to hook me up with him. (I remembered Carol as having no English and, though she spoke Egyptian Arabic with the same slightly provincial accent she’d had when we met, she pronounced the words “Bill Burroughs” in impeccable American: “The writer, yes. You might think he is dead but that doesn’t mean he can’t meet you.”)</li>
<li>That Bill Burroughs had heard about my revolutionary work and wanted to discuss the future of the Revolution with me . . .</li>
</ul>
<p>It was all said casually and I thought she must be joking. Maybe she wanted to show me just how well she had learned English. How involved she had been with the English-speaking core of the Revolution. Even when she set a date, a time, and a venue for my meeting with the Pope of Dope, I assumed it would be her who turned up. I figured that must be why the meeting was so far ahead, almost a month and a half later, on Tuesday, May 22 at 7:15 p.m., outside the Hardee’s in Tahrir Square—exactly where I had dropped her off after our weekend together. (I noticed that she specified the time and place with too much precision, repeating the information several times.) It was moving to think how much blood and tears had become associated with that Hardee’s since I last saw Carol, because I sensed it was equal to how much I missed her. Carol has been away from Cairo and she won’t be back till then, I reasoned; she had left abruptly and, when she decided to return, she resolved to see me again. I did ask about the “bunch of guys” and she was happy to explain, “It’s an organization. A kind of multinational, actually. But you won’t have to meet any of them. It’s called Islam Inc. Nothing to do with the Islamists, of course.”  It was then that, remembering Doctor Benway from <i>Naked Lunch</i> and noticing—or being forced to admit I noticed—the gravity of her tone, something jabbed me. For days that thing would stay there, like a rusty skewer below my left lung.</p>
<p>It was not fear; definitely not excitement or suspense. There might have been some adrenaline but it definitely wasn’t black—and only the faintest echo of a throb in my shoulder. I knew the feeling came not only from the phone call I had received but from the bolt that had struck me the night before, making me aware of that unlikely but totally imperative need to bugger Sheikh Arif. The bolt and the call became inseparable. Now that I’ve had time to think about it, I believe what I felt was a kind of grief; it didn’t last as long, of course, but it wasn’t so different from what I felt when my father died. The only question that still dogs me is who or what I was grieving for: Carol, all the casualties from eighteen months of protests, the fate of the Revolution itself, or the fact (already half-known) that my “revolutionary work” was about to be reduced to plotting and carrying out the premeditated rape of a presidential candidate? Maybe I was grieving simply for myself, for the person I had been before any of this happened, a person who could meet Carol, who could go for months without posting a single tweet, who never felt guilty about anyone dying on the asphalt.</p>
<p>So I’m minding my own business watching a late-night rerun of one of the more popular talk shows, and who should happen to be the guest, but presidential hopeful Sheikh/Ustaz Abu Ibrahim? Two equally heavy counterrevolutionary hosts are grilling the Islamist pretender. Like an honest-to-God protester who stops demonstrating forever once the president steps down, I am watching mainly for fun (so I convince myself), and it’s fun, all right: his outrageous philosophies and their full-of-shit refutations—until he gets to the question of avoiding the wicked influences of the West on our Muslim society. He mentions homosexuality by way of example, explaining:</p>
<p>“Men, may the Shaitan stay away from us, who fornicate with other men. That is permitted, nay encouraged, nay even shamelessly paraded in many Western countries.”</p>
<p>“But what we have to worry about is tourism, Sheikh Arif. We cannot scare away the tourists with extreme religiosity. Everyone knows the malady of homosexuality does not even exist in Egypt, why do you stress such imaginary, hypothetical problems . . . ?”</p>
<p>Hearing the bigger of the two hosts spew this out in a growl, I’m stunned. It’s like saying, “Poverty does not exist in Egypt, why worry about hypothetical problems?” I mean, forget political correctness. Anyone who’s spent any time in Cairo knows it’s a Mecca of the White Queer (may Allah grant us the sight of the Kaaba): twinks everywhere, buddy. Young, brown, and virile—so long as it’s worth their time in the long run, they don’t even have to be gay. To deny the very existence of homosexuality when male prostitution is a serious component of your GDP! This is before I find out about Sheikh Arif, you understand. It’s the evening of April 1, 2012, and nothing could be further from my conscious mind than penetration.</p>
<p>Though he is Islamist and stupid, the person being interviewed still represents our Revolution. So I am waiting for him to expose those liars, to tell them it is such willful blindness that was the doom of their president in the first place, to teach them. “You are right” is what comes out of the obese form: “It is true that the ignominious vice of sodomy, God preserve us, has not contaminated Egypt, thank God. Having said that. . . . ” And at this moment comes a cognitive spark so blinding it is almost physical. It’s as if the TV speakers are muffled progressively until the room falls silent. The picture fuzzes up and hops about, resolving into seven little propositions like giant candle flames, merging into an argument so resplendent I can hardly believe I am the one to see it. My enchantment is such I actually stop breathing, just as Daquqi must’ve when he arrived at that beach:</p>
<ul>
<li>Two representatives of the Old Regime are pitted against one representative of the Revolution.</li>
<li>They are my enemies but they have no color; he is my ally in the shit-brown of political Islam.</li>
<li>They’re trying to catch him out; he’s trying to demonstrate his aptitude.</li>
<li>Absolutely nothing is under discussion except right and wrong: they see it from the standpoint of alleged common sense; he, from that of allegedly divine decree.</li>
<li>No side is opposed to what the other stands for: they suck up to divine decree; he sucks up to common sense.</li>
<li>Although they seem to disagree on everything, there is nothing that matters that the two sides don’t actually agree on.</li>
<li>The Old Regime and the Revolution are identical.</li>
</ul>
<p>For an hour I mull this over: Egyptians will not hear the truth however well they know it. So, for the substance of the Revolution to be political, it has to be made up of lies. About protesting for the sake of the poor, about homosexuality, about DEMOCRACY. Therefore the Revolution must be cut off from politics, let alone political Islam. And, for bringing the Revolution so rudely into the realm of holy gibberish—doing so with no more regard for the truth than the Old Regime, either—doesn’t Arif Kamal Abu Ibrahim deserve to experience the ignominious vice of sodomy first hand? Suddenly I felt like Neo, “the One,” the meaningfully human hero who could explode the Matrix—if only a little. Then I promised the universe that this would be my task. I fell asleep unusually peacefully and the next morning I woke up to Carol’s call.</p>
<p>WE WILL LIVE WITH DIGNITY: An awesome slogan, don’t you think? You should realize that, in Arabic, dignity means emancipation. The idea is that people without dignity—the pro-Old Regime counterrevolutionaries of 2011 and those liberals of 2012 who stopped fighting the Army when they realized they were doing the Islamists’ work for them—will always remain slaves. Only Islamists are free men (and they must be male men: women, lacking the genital wherewithal to do God’s will on earth, are appended to His milk and honey; they can only go out covered head to toe in black, and there are disputes about whether their eyes can show). Never mind that the Leader himself is enslaved to all kinds of toilet wash, that people follow him because he panders their own vomit back to them, that he thinks PEPSI is a conspiracy meaning “Pay Every Penny to Save Israel,” for example, or that he wants to set up neighborly vice squads to prevent men from mixing with women a la Saudi fucking Arabia. He is big; he is pious; he is versed in holy writ. He knows that America is the root of all evil and that the way to fight America is Islam.</p>
<p>The irony being, dear minor ayatollah of the SAVAMA, that America invented that same Islam to fight Communism—which was the root of all evil in the seventies. Then again, Islamists were never big on irony. Of course the real irony is yet to come—when it transpires that the Sheikh’s late mother, having busted out to Minnesota to polish the image of Islam after 9/11, was eventually naturalized while there: the Leader whose raison d’être is to sever our umbilical cord with Mama America turns out to have an American mama, ha ha!</p>
<p>You will forgive me for not plunging into the bottomless crater of diseased camel shit that passes for official procedure in this country. In March–April 2011, when the Army first established itself as absolute arbiter by referendum, it was the Islamists—and Sheikh Arif himself, sure—who used their influence to obtain the yes vote. Among many conditions for running that they agreed to was that both the candidate’s parents hold no nationality other than Egyptian. And so my obsession was to take on a new intensity as the saga began: While documents and testimonies made it indisputable that Arif’s mother was an American citizen and so he could not lawfully run for president, scores of supporters—notably members of the “Arif or Jahannam” (as in the Muslim Hell) campaign: one of several—took to aping what we had done over a year before.</p>
<p>True, they were not attacked as savagely at first, but they took themselves so seriously they actually believed the unbelievable: The Americans were shitting themselves in the White House thinking what would happen if Arif came to power, so they decided to interfere to prevent it; and were there in our midst—for shame!—those who would do the Americans’ bidding? At that point all the Islamists seemed to renege on their support for the Army, raising the slogan we had long since come up with: DOWN WITH THE RULE OF THE SOLDIERS. But only the Arifoon (that’s what Abu Ibrahim’s supporters called themselves, as if “Arif” was a state of being) sincerely turned against the generals—which is why, when they decided to move their sit-in from Tahrir Square to the headquarters of the Defense Ministry in Abbassiya, revolutionaries moronically joined them. It didn’t seem to matter whether Bu Bi Rahim told the truth about his mama, or that the absurd if plausible prospect of his rise to power could never affect the bowel movements of anybody in any house.</p>
<p>Eventually the protesters pissed people off so badly that uninvolved residents of Abbassiya joined the thugs in marauding them. By the time the military police went in and wiped out the sit-in, some thirty people had been slaughtered literally like cattle. And, even as he watched footage of the dead during a TV interview a day or two later, making sheepish noises that convinced no one he was sorry, Bu Bi Rahim—now the ancient Egyptian god not only of posters but also of lies—still avoided the question. He avoided the question until he was cornered, then he pathetically denied that his mother was an American citizen. How could he tell people to stop protesting when they were in the right, he declaimed; but, declaimed he, how could he be blamed for sending people to their death when he didn’t even mobilize his supporters. Had he actively mobilized them—here his small, pudgy hand jutted out, slicing the air in that vaguely kung fu gesture he used regularly for emphasis—everyone knows he could have had a hundred times as many people at the Defense Ministry!</p>
<p>That was the point at which I started taking concrete steps. I had watched, enthralled, thinking of Carol and Burroughs and the Revolution, treasuring my Abubrahimophobia while the object of my desire—as it were—distended, gaped wider, asking for my ever more eager prick. Again and again, Arif or Jahannam claimed that the disqualification of His Virtuousness from the race was a ruse of the Army-controlled Presidential Commission; they would remain on the streets until they could live with dignity. Again and again, the son of a water buffalo resorted to the kind of sleazy bureaucratic nitpicking of which he had promised he would purify public life. His mama’s US passport wasn’t registered with the Ministry of Interior, he argued, so there was no proof recognized by Egyptian law of her holding dual citizenship. Though he hardly joined the demonstrators for longer than it took to give them, his speeches about the dishonesty of the Commission and the desire of the Army to make slaves of all of us proceeded like fire in the debris, as the old Arab proverb says. They could only strengthen my resolve.</p>
<p>My obsession with Arif had started the moment I looked at that smooth, effeminate face of his—the size and texture of the palm of your hand, with two tiny eyes wide open, dripping fervor—and saw a version of Hosny Mubarak’s. The reason it took me so long to do anything about it—after fighting the urge a little at first—was that, somehow, without actually being told, I had been told to wait for Burroughs. I had been told to sit tight and watch the man of the receptive anus make such a travesty of both creed and patrimony.</p>
<p>By now people who know anything know I am not gay. Some day the world will see just how irresistible to any true revolutionary are the tight curves of the hip bone, the magnificent fold of the buttocks, the full fleshy substance of the two moons bobbing sumptuously along—always, and insensitively, upstaged by his giant paunch—as the Leader turns to take the podium at the Salafi prayer hub known as the Lion of Islam Mosque, which happens to be a block away from my parents’ apartment, where I still live. They will see that this is the case because he could not be more sexually repulsive.</p>
<p>In the three weeks following that visionary experience, the onset of my obsession, and news of Burroughs—this was the time during which the Arifoon protests took off—it felt right to show him what it might feel like to actually be a woman in the act (milk, honey, and politics notwithstanding). And so, by making him a creature penetrated, to prevail in a minor extra-time battle of my lost war as a true, English-speaking, Arab Spring revolutionary.</p>
<p>At some point—it must’ve been during the first Arif or Jahannam sit-in in Tahrir Square—I recalled a quote from <i>Naked Lunch</i>: “And there was the occasion when President Ra threw the British Prime Minister to the ground and forcibly sodomized him, the spectacle being televised to the entire Arab world”; and I kind of knew I was on the right path. As I would find out, my dear FSB werewolf, the universe’s intervention could never be as simple as an image of Nationalism buggering Empire in the fifties. But I was content with that being a kind of precedent, especially after I looked up and memorized the quote. A Che dancing the chocolate cha-cha with a fat sheikh who wants to be president: somehow that felt like the ideal response to the entire Arab Spring. My concern was that, when the time came, I wouldn’t be able to get it up. But I would take Viagra if I had to. And, with two of my closest comrades who turned out not to be all that serious about the project—they did back off at the last minute—I drew up a plan. The whole time I was thinking what I would tell “Bill Burroughs” when I saw her. Whether I admitted it or not, I wanted her to be proud of me; and maybe that’s why the whole project felt like an action flick in which I was both the filmmaker and the hero watching myself act out the insanely beautiful script I came up with. Because I knew that somewhere Carol was also watching.</p>
<p>With my two comrades—let’s call them Ahmad and Mehammad—I started going to the Lion of Islam Mosque. For twenty-five days we performed the evening prayers there. Twice, we were lucky enough to listen to the Leader give long and elaborate speeches in person. Stewie rubbing his hands together, as it were. Three times we set out with prayer-mates to various protest locations to spend the night at Arifoon sit-ins, mingling.</p>
<p>Trust me, you don’t want to know about those fungus-and-blubber devotion orgies at the Lion: the stink of sweat over freeze-dried jism; animality jam-packed in prehistoric garments swathing all that furious, straitjacketed flesh; facial hair billowing in insect swarms so vast there seems to be nothing else. You don’t want to feel their metaphorical grip on every last twitch in your body; the violence of strangers making sure you conform to the fine points of pious posture, the hellishly amplified gurgling of imams like medieval supplicants gone galactic. The thing about Muslim ritual prayer is there is nothing remotely spiritual about it. I mean, I don’t have a problem with it—so long as people do it quietly, out of sight. But, even individually, Salat involves neither breathing nor concentration. No attempt at contact. All you do is you perform the act, go through the motions; and the motions are so mechanical it’s no different from going to the toilet. When it happens in a group it’s like a communal dump, meticulously choreographed. The mindlessness is such it’s all you can do, once the man in front of you gets on his knees, not to hump him.</p>
<p>Let me spare you my character portraits of the Arifoon we encountered. They’re actually pretty normal young Egyptians, with rigid thought patterns and low IQs and chips on their shoulders in a range of sizes. The Revolution has given them a sense of purpose that feels absolutely, eternally right; and that’s why they never remember that Islam prohibits the worship of humans. But they are easier than most to get information out of; and that’s all we cared about, all things considered. We found out, for example:</p>
<ul>
<li>That, during his own time in America, Sheikh Arif grew close to two disciples of His Virtuousness “Sheikh Osama” (as in Bin Laden)—now in Guantanamo—whose vision for the future of the Umma our Leader shares;</li>
<li>That, despite vicious rumors to the contrary by a shameless hellcat whom His Virtuousness was unfortunate enough to marry, the Sheikh—may God preserve his manliness—is as potent as the best of us;</li>
<li>That, aside from the legal battle he is valiantly waging to clear his name, the reason Sheikh Arif does not appear at protests is his concern that his “greater presence” would convert millions beyond the Arifoon into soldiers of the faith and thus undermine national stability;</li>
<li>And, most importantly, that the Moment of Reckoning will happen on the evening of Thursday, May 24, in Tahrir Square, when Sheikh Arif is to lead a protest that will rival and, God willing, surpass that of January 25, 2011, turning into a massive sit-in as of Friday, May 25.</li>
</ul>
<p>Something tells me this is it: my cosmic opportunity for fucking him; my Moment of Reckoning, or the universe’s.</p>
<p>So, then, for nearly a month, my comrades and I study our target closely. We let our beards grow, shaving only the hair above our lips and using coffee and glue to paint unassuming prayer marks on our foreheads, which we are careful not to wipe off when we put our faces to the floor during prayer. By the end of May, of course, the first round of the elections will be over. It will be clear that Arif is going nowhere, with the runoff vote between a retired general-cum-minister and the Muslim Brotherhood’s candidate, the more down-to-earth face of Islamism who, thanks to DEMOCRACY, will win. But sheer momentum has kept the slogan creeping over the asphalt to this day: WE WILL LIVE WITH DIGNITY. It’s not clear what the Arifoon have been demanding after the Leader declared his support for the Brotherhood candidate at the Lion. But it seems to me it’s the chips on their shoulders that are driving them, those tiny dynamos of self-hatred. Tiny dynamos of self-hatred are the only thing that has ever driven them, of course. That impotent douche bag was only a kind of catalyst—but it worked. Since May 25 they’ve wanted to get me, too. But we’ll come to that.</p>
<p>Could it be that political Islam is in fact an alien invasion facilitated by a secretly preplanned uprising of the young? Would your colleagues at MI6 know if someone or something from outer space got into our heads and drove us to act in the interest of the Islamists? The Arifoon and Salafis: they truly come across as aliens. And not very interesting ones, either. They are, as we say in Egypt, eggs: human eggs. (That’s the term for “bollocks,” as I believe the English say; it evokes something as slimy and malodorous as an omelet made out of baboons’ sperm-soaked testicles.) Then again, that’s how normal Egyptians come across too, as a rule of thumb. Either you are technically abnormal or you are monkey balls. The only question was whether such a monkey-ball invasion could be countered by the intervention I had in mind. Still, it was less about changing the course of the AI stream than slipping something into its make-believe waters: something small and very venomous, like “the trace program” in <i>The Matrix</i>—Morpheus’s red pill, remember? There’s an actual super-pill in my story too, but not yet.</p>
<p>May 22, 2012. I am to meet William S. Burroughs (1914–1997), the late homosexual junky from America whose books I find more revolutionary than anything overtly political. For some reason other than the fact that I’ve read them, he apparently has something to tell me about the Arab Spring. Of course I didn’t yet believe it was going to be Burroughs. Recalling Carol as if plugged into a five-sense virtual reality system, my excitement was tantric; and I proceeded to my fate in the conviction that a reunion with her was worth five hundred successful revolutions, forget about last year’s Pyrrhic victory. The evening of May 21, I had received a text from “Unknown” reminding me of the time and place with a quote I suspected was from Burroughs cryptically appended: “It’s the little touches that make a future solid enough to destroy.” The message was not signed. But, for as long as I thought of Carol, it wasn’t too hard to forget that it might not be her waiting for me outside Hardee’s.</p>
<p>Trust me, I’ve done enough drugs to believe anything is possible, but I didn’t want to think about the possibility that I was going to discuss the Arab Spring with a ghost: the spirit of a dead man, a political poltergeist. I told Ahmad and Mehammad I was going on a mission to the Square to find out which tent Abu Ibrahim would be in on Thursday. Then, about an hour earlier than necessary, looking like a post-Revolution Salafi, I set out. Not wanting to rack my nerves in traffic or look desperately for parking, I took the Metro. By the time I stepped underground I had stopped compulsively fantasizing, partly because there was something uncannily quiet about the station. “God help you, sheikh,” the ticket vendor told me. (Anyone with a mustache-less beard in Cairo is a sheikh.) Apart from the sound of a train passing on the far side, unusually muffled, the platform was dead—not even the ring of mobile phone—pretty incredible for the Cairo Metro. I waited for a long time, watching across the tracks as another train came and went almost in slow motion. A few moments before my own train blocked the view, the third train on the far side came to a screeching halt. Then—I shit you not—silence. As people soundlessly got on and off I wondered where those who were boarding had come from; I was sure they hadn’t been there a moment before. I had just enough time to glimpse someone I thought I recognized. The tiny figure and slightly lame gait, the short frizzy hair and skin-tight top covered with a light shawl, the Capri pants over knee-high boots, the defiant but at the same time far-away look: it was Carol getting on—to go in the opposite direction. I didn’t have the courage to yell her name, though I was sure she had seen me too and, noticing that I recognized her, looked down.</p>
<p>Instead of plugging me back into the virtual reality system of paradisal love, this glimpse started rotating the skewer of grief in my side. I boarded my train still hoping I was wrong, but I knew now that whatever it was that awaited me at Hardee’s, it wouldn’t be Carol. Incredibly, there was no one else in the whole compartment and, suddenly drained, my shoulder throbbing violently, I flopped down. I put my face in my hands and held back the tears.</p>
<p>Drink up and listen to me now, brave spy: There is no question that the compartment was totally empty; I’d looked around to make sure. And yet, before we arrived at a station, I became aware of a presence right behind me: a slight change in the temperature or the light, just enough to unnerve me. Looking back, I smelled a strong body odor: tar, stale sweat, car exhaust. At the same time I bumped against a bony elbow—someone was sitting next to me. I swear that’s how it happened. How or when this human body had been plopped there, I have no idea. Leaping to my feet, barely able to stand as the train accelerated, I saw an old man wearing a galabeya. He was sitting, legs crossed, looking up haughtily and humming the tune of an old patriotic song we had chanted during the Revolution. The galabeya was torn, covered in stains; the hair was a tangle of impromptu dreadlocks. Except for the intelligence—the sheer sanity—of the eyes, he looked like one of those homeless schizos who are periodically let out of government asylums to spend the rest of their short lives foraging on the streets, never washing or sleeping indoors, never speaking with anyone.</p>
<p>“Wh . . . where,” I stuttered, my shoulder killing me as I took in the rest of the weathered face. “How on earth did you get on?”</p>
<p>“That,” said the toothless mouth, in a quaint, semi-classical Arabic, “is of no consequence, kind sir. You will generously dismiss such questions.” It was a strangely disembodied voice, unnatural but somehow also live, like many voices in many different pitches miraculously molded into a single sound; like a bunch of people speaking in the same voice, all of them in the same incredibly arrogant tone. “Before you,” he gestured theatrically with wrist and arm—like a nineteenth-century magician introducing himself to an aristocratic audience, I thought—“is the Beggar, kind sir. Infinite is the mercy of Allah.” And, bowing in his seat, paying no attention at all to my reaction, “The Beggar is not at present engaged in practicing his profession. The Beggar is here,” he enunciated slowly, “to make a single momentous utterance in your presence, Ustaz—or should the Beggar say Doctor?—Khalid Dawood Nawwarah.”</p>
<p>“How come,” I started spastically, while he gesticulated and bowed once more. “How come how come how come . . . ”</p>
<p>He was humming again.</p>
<p>“But you even know my full name!”</p>
<p>For the remainder of the trip—at which point the specter would vanish just as inexplicably as it appeared; and no one, repeat: no one, came into the compartment until we arrived at the station—the features of that face kept shifting. That was the weirdest part. It all happened within the ten minutes or so to Tahrir, but during that time the Beggar became at least seven different people, all old and haggard, all overconfident as they spoke in those multifarious tones. One of them looked to me exactly as I pictured Daquqi; for a moment I thought I was before the dervish, in the flesh. Another, judging by the pictures and videos I had seen online, looked exactly like Burroughs late in life; another still, like my father. But not one of the people he became lasted for longer than a minute and the transformations were too fast to process. Maybe all old and haggard people look more or less alike, I thought—was I just comforting myself?—but, noticing that I seemed to be facing someone new every minute, I did locate one particular wrinkle and watch it closely: I never actually saw it move, but at one point it just wasn’t where it had been. Wobbling violently now, I could feel my body trembling inside and out, as if some vibrator planted in my shoulder was sending powerful shockwaves through my axial and whence my appendicular skeleton.</p>
<p>“You have something to tell me?” I managed to interrupt his humming, pressing my shoulder and groaning as I sat opposite him, breathing hard. “I’m listening.”</p>
<p>“You are listening, are you, kind sir,” he spoke. “Infinite is the mercy of Allah. It shall be to your credit in His estimation to comprehend that the Beggar speaks for the nation. For certain you are cognizant of the truth that this is a nation of beggars, may Allah forgive His slaves; a nation of whores and hirelings.”</p>
<p>My shoulder calming down, I felt a twinge of patriotic anger, faint beneath layers of longing and anticipation. But before I had time to see his point—I mean, he definitely has a point, whether or not you agree that patriotism is, like religion, an affliction—I realized that it was this that had ended my despair in the first place: Abu Ibrahim and Carol had brought back a sense of meaning. It was as if listening to what he said was slowing down the vibrator until, by the time he finished, it had switched off.</p>
<p>“Now hearken to the Beggar, Khalid Dawood Nawwarah,” he bellowed; and his scowl seemed to ease his mysterious words into my mind, clearing them of mystery (if you asked me to explain what he meant exactly I wouldn’t know how; but nonetheless I could exactly understand):</p>
<p>“You must forego the sun’s desire to unite with the eternally beloved. That shall be your true sacrifice to the nation; the heinous deed you shall perform is in lieu of your long-awaited reunion with the moon. The greater devil has provided you with a seraph to act like a messenger. Remember, then, the Prophet Ibrahim, who put the knife to the neck of his son.”</p>
<p>That was it, word for word. It had barely simmered in my head when I found myself wandering in a Tahrir Metro station as busy and noisy as you’d expect. Once he was gone I felt more or less normal again. Later on I would realize that I knew the “utterance” by heart. But, as I surfaced into the dusty twilight, all I could hear was “Infinite is the mercy of Allah”, over and over. It was 6:25 by the time I emerged from underground. I thought I might as well scout the site in the time I had before my appointment, so I crossed over to the traffic island looking for familiar faces.</p>
<p>Since February 11 of last year I had been to the Square often and it pained me every time. Even when there were nearly a million people there and they were all secular, it paled by comparison to what we called the Revolution. I don’t mean just that you knew it would be practically empty after dark, leaving more hustlers than protesters. The fact that it had already happened with life-and-death urgency and spectacular results made its replay unpleasantly dreamlike at the best of times, like revisiting a past and much better life of your own. At the worst of times, like now—when you could find only the most desperate Islamists, outnumbered by all kinds of whores and hirelings: thugs-on-demand and Saudi flag sellers—it was positively macabre. For half an hour, with the terror of the Beggar still in my system, I had to keep reminding myself that I would wake up from this nightmare.</p>
<p>In a trance I met up with a bunch of Arifoon I had connected with at the Lion, went through the motions of brotherhood in Allah. I made them show me not the makeshift podium from which Sheikh Arif would speak but the tent where he would be before and after. The most influential of them was a wiry engineering student named Musab; I made him promise he would grant Ahmad, Mehammad and me a personal audience with the Leader. (The plan was for Ahmad and Mehammad to coax him to a tent we would set up in the vicinity, making sure he went in alone—on the pretext that we needed him to comfort an old lady, the bereaved mother of “a brother” killed in Abbassiya—while I, with an unloaded revolver, waited there in the dark. We had bought serious camping gear for the occasion, including a Coleman tent that could be firmly zippered from inside: the Arifoon could conceivably turn it upside down but it would take them a while to cut through the nylon with knives—and we counted on them needing no weapons at the center of their territory; if His Virtuousness didn’t make too much noise, they might not realize they needed to do anything . . . ) After excusing myself—“By the will of Allah,” I explained, “I am going to meet a brother at Hardee’s; if Allah intends it I might bring him back to make your acquaintance. Peace and the mercy of Allah and His blessings be upon you, brothers”—I had to find a secluded spot to puke. That’s how terrified and disgusted I was.</p>
<p>In the fifteen minutes or so that I waited outside Hardee’s, I couldn’t stand still. It didn’t help that, from where I stood, the Square began to look like a circle or, rather, a hollow sphere—an LSDish prospect that brought back the trembling and the shoulder pain. It was like looking at the inside of a giant ball to which my side of the road was the only way in: a sort of rectangular gate giving onto the washed-out blue of the sky above and the brown-grey fisheye vista below, all dotted with the off-white angles of the tents and the stark black flags of Al Qaeda. . . . Now take a good long swig of your drink, pal: Except for the occasional remark, it will be impossible to tell you how I felt from then on. Things were so otherworldly, so scary and heartening and exciting and devastating, even my shoulder didn’t know how to respond. A trip—no, a voyage. The voyage of several lifetimes across continents and centuries. And you’re going to have to imagine it.</p>
<p>Daquqi has this vaguely relevant metaphor. He talks about the moon. Everyone knows it’s there, everyone looks out for it. But some people see it wrong. They look at its reflection in a well and think it’s the well, for example; it simply doesn’t occur to them to look up into the sky. Sheikh Arif is someone who sees the moon in a sewer-turned-mutilated-corpse dump that people haven’t ceased to fill with excrement. (Remember what Burroughs said about when he stopped wanting to be president? He thought it made more sense to be Commissioner of Sewers!) But why doesn’t it occur to Daquqi that maybe the moon itself is a misperception of something, or that there may in fact be many moons?</p>
<p>Standing outside Hardee’s, I kept jumping about to dispel the strain, pacing from one end of the gateway to another as I cradled my shoulder and struggled to keep my eyes on the ground—unbearable anticipation. That must be how, when the apparition arrived, all I took in was the cold sensation of a skeletal hand on my upper arm and a swoosh of air ahead of me. Classic horror, huh? Had I not been so fucking rattled I would have laughed my head off. And how the fuck was I going to get an erection with Arif if I felt then the way I was feeling now? “Follow me,” a voice said in English. “Keep moving.” (Until I finally arrived at the dark street corner where my fate would be determined, I kept hearing those four words in the same voice, toneless and unreal, guiding or prodding me.) Two slim, apparently Caucasian young men whose faces I didn’t catch were making a show of having brushed against me by mistake. I was sure neither of them had tapped my arm; but, except for confusing me even more, by now that was hardly the issue. I didn’t notice anything unusual about their clothes as I shadowed them across one of the main streets leading out from Tahrir Square into central Cairo. They walked fast, seeming to glide above or through traffic. Three times I lost them; four times I suspected they were hallucinations that only I could see. Night was falling fast and, while the effort had calmed me somewhat, the scene looked more and more cubist as I jogged ahead. It had very high color saturation; it was soft, smooth, and many-layered; like a double exposure.</p>
<p>I have no idea by what route I came to a stretch of Champollion Street where it was dim and quiet and utterly devoid of company, but a sudden switch to a simple perspective and the sharp, gritty black-and-white of early photojournalism made me feel I had finally arrived. There was no sign of the young men. Another swoosh and the voice said, “You wait here now.” I noticed it had taken on the midwestern, gravelly drawl and deadpan monotone I already knew from recordings. A light went on in a distant building and then he appeared, upright and alert as he strode toward me, eyes glazed. Perfectly normal, believe it or not: flesh, blood, bones, and clothing. By late May the weather was almost as hot as it is now but he was in a trench coat, wearing a fedora and spectacles, exactly as I had seen him on YouTube—not in his old age, more like in the nineteen-fifties, when he still had some substance to his body and his face was relatively clear of wrinkles. “Come,” he barked as he passed me, like a pusher or a detective, and I noticed his hand rested on a bulge over his hip—a gun, I suspected. He went through a door a few steps away and, mechanically, I followed.</p>
<p>It occurred to me that, on an evening like this in the late seventies, when Burroughs lived there, the Bowery on the Lower East Side of Manhattan would have looked no different from this stretch of Champollion Street. Even the dilapidated building whose winding stairway I found myself climbing seemed identical to the former YMCA gym where, without junk at first, Burroughs (at a much later stage in his life than he appeared now) had famously lived. It was surprisingly intimate. Maybe New York wasn’t as different from Cairo as I’d always assumed? We went up two stories and into an apartment that looked exactly as I imagined the Bunker to be, with trash in phenomenal quantities strewn around bits of Second Empire furniture and framed pictures on the walls; I recognized the Shooter’s Supply poster—the black outline of a human figure for target practice—unframed, and a Remington typewriter among some syringes and cotton swabs on a large oval table with no seats. A gooseneck lamp on the edge of that table was the only light.</p>
<p>Burroughs aged thirty-something closed the door to the Manhattan apartment where he was to live aged sixty-something—in Cairo, Egypt. He locked it like a man pursued. Then, taking off his coat and letting it drop on the floor, he unbuckled a shoulder holster with a pistol in it—I had been right about that—and eased it onto the table by the typewriter. Above the sharkskin pants and tired black shoes, he was wearing a simple shirt whose sleeves he proceeded to roll up, undoing the two top buttons as he sat down.</p>
<p>Without a word he nodded to me. Before I knew it—his limbs and torso forming a composite of diagonals against one abstract expressionist painting, large and yellow—he was balanced on a chaise longue, holding an ancient Zippo lighter to a deep, off-color spoon, then with a syringe finding a vein in his left arm and a medical tourniquet above the elbow.</p>
<p>His movements became slower and cooler, more languid, more measured. Otherwise he didn’t seem to be affected by the shot, but it took a while for me to come back into his field of vision. Only then did I realize I was still standing. As I sat down on the armchair opposite, I realized I had been seeing him through a sort of clear screen. Blood, viscid and dark as fig jam, was spurting all over its surface, making nauseating squirting sounds as it stained a millimeter’s thickness of the air between us.</p>
<p>As if he realized what was bothering me, Burroughs chortled and sat up, his shoulders hunched: “But it’s the same inside your body. What is it you’re so disgusted about?” He stood up slowly and sat down again. “You ever hear the one about the Egyptian Partisan?” he started in his trademark staccato drone, as if it was the nineties and he was America’s most famous writer reading his work to a huge audience.</p>
<p>“No. Is that really you? Bill Burroughs?”</p>
<p>“I represent Islam Inc., which means I’m the agent of some secret organization, I forget which.”</p>
<p>“But you’re dead, how—”</p>
<p>“How how how how,” he cawed. “How how how—good heavens, how do you know you’re not the dead one? How, dead, do I know you’re alive? The company sent me to assist you with your mission. Call me Lee,” he cleared his throat. Then, as if to place our exchange in parentheses, he took a pointed breath and leaned forward.</p>
<p>The Egyptian Partisan went around suckling Fundamentalists’ toes. You would, too. Extremely handsome athlete with hypnotic eyes. Got hooked on the Scarlet Constipator, you dig: diabolical preparation of ground Nile crocodile gall bladder, nuciferne and aporphine mixture naturally occurring in the blue water lily, and synthetic tryptamine. Instant metabolic addiction. Constipatees, the addicts are called. Survive on nuts and alcohol. Excrement collects in marble pellets they spontaneously eject once a month. Substance is smoked, sniffed, swallowed, injected, shoved. Hell, I’ve seen Constipatees slicing their arms and pouring the stuff into the gash. Clotty, colorless goo, you dig. Smells sulphuric like a fart. Can be crystallized and pulverized into odorless alcohol-soluble dust. Nothing scarlet about it. Name refers to narcotic effect which deploys the addict in service of Third International, meaning searing yen to dismantle the Institution of Capitalism. Turns you into a Partisan in no time. The more E.P. fought the businessman government in E.—sheer piously uncomprehending blackness of unchecked world market stampeding demonstrations million-man marches protest campaigns awareness-raising leaflets Occupy sit-ins jail sentences confession-less torture by electric shock the gallows—the more Fundamentalists in power. Surely you realize Fundamentalists are more capitalist than Adam Smith. By then S.C. was E. Health Problem Number One and the people in power were all Fundamentalists. As far as they acknowledged existence of S.C., they made it inhumanly expensive. Cut with melted Pritt sticks. E.P.—head growing tadpoles instead of hair, face peeling in blobs of protoplasm, solid wormlike turd permanently dangling out of tattered ass like rabbit tail, motor functions randomly impaired as in ether overdose, mottled fur growing in patches all over the body, and all language communication restricted to “Workers of the world, unite”—is reduced to depending on alms from the Bearded Masters, shrieking “Workers of the world, unite” as if he was saying “Please help me” and slobbering over hands he grabbed to kiss. Taking pity, the Minister buys him as a personal slave. Fundamentalists reintroduced slavery, you dig. Scraping the fungus from under visitors’ toenails is E.P.’s job. A hell of a lot of it. But till you can get some S.C., ingestion of trichophyton rubrum—ringworm of the nail—is indicated. Gives some relief but no hit. Now picture E.P. in above state crawling among swarthy sandaled feet of bearded apes in knee-high white tunics with fungus-marked skin from undried ritual ablutions, begging to orally clean them. Wouldn’t you? “Workers of the world, unite! Workers of the world, unite?” That is what being a Partisan comes to. And how do you know all Partisans are not Constipatees?</p>
<p>Spitting violently between his feet, Burroughs leaned back again. He had sounded more melancholy than mad, but I guess that’s what being mad on heroin sounds like when you’re dead. Not bitter, but weary and melancholy and perversely amused. “We have business,” he said slowly. “After two days you will perform a vital operation. I am here to tell you Islam Inc. has an interest in your success. Six contingencies have been dealt with. This,” he handed me a tablet wrapped in cellophane, “is the seventh contingency. You have to take it thirty minutes before pulling down your pants.”</p>
<p>I looked at the object, unwrapping and wrapping it again in the light. It was shaped exactly like an egg, with the same vertical asymmetry, except it was no larger than an M&amp;M. Stationary, it was a sort of translucent brown; but when you moved it in the light the color changed and you could see the whole spectrum.</p>
<p>“What is it?” I said finally.</p>
<p>“Not junk,” Burroughs grinned. “You did worry about this, yes?” There was something sly about the way his lips curved; and I noticed for the first time that his eyes were no longer glassy. He spoke matter-of-factly, with cruel detachment, but it was as if his eyes were comforting me while he did. “Hentai-RK. Yohimbine-based, basically; you know, the tree bark of Pausinystalia yohimbe,” and I thought he was going to go off again. “But it’s the pharmaceutical industry of another age, or maybe of a different planet—it’s post-sildenafil citrate, which you probably know as Viagra. A superior tab.” For longer than I’d been aware he had readjusted his arms into a pair of incongruent triangles. As he talked, his hand kept coming off his elbow and rising toward me, palm up, fingers taut—a motion I remembered him describing as the junky’s quintessential gesture, the way the limp wrist is the homosexual’s—only to slip it back under his elbow again. “You see those color vortices, they’re mini-portals into your life past and future. Mostly past. Unlike sildenafil, Hentai-RK doesn’t simply help you to get it up, it hands you the biophysical equivalent on a four-dimensional platter. You experience everything you would if you were to taste the same incredibly focused libidinal drive without it.” I wasn’t sure what that meant, but I nodded anyway. “But you have to understand it is to aid you in performing the operation, not for your amusement. You have to understand this whole side of your life is for the operation. In this and other respects you should try to rethink control.”</p>
<p>He turned away to start cooking another shot. And after that—well, I could tell you he went unhinged and chased me out with his gun. I could tell you he forced me to shoot up, whether heroin or something equally strong, then deposited my limp body on a street corner. I could even tell you we made love; first, he said, I needed to lose my homo virginity in preparation for the Moment of Reckoning. . . . In the state I was in, anything could’ve happened and I could’ve gone along with anything. But the truth is, after putting the pill in my breast pocket, I don’t remember a thing. There was a sense of being in a closed-off space in the middle of a war zone—as if we were in a subterranean nuclear bunker while the radiation cloud mushroomed, incandescent, right over our heads. At some point, I seem to remember, he was flat on his back in the dark—he must’ve been lying on some kind of surface, but I wouldn’t be surprised if he was floating—somewhere between the apartment and the sidewalk on Champollion Street. “Understand this,” he said to me, and I couldn’t see him saying it: “Control can never be a means to any practical end. It can never be a means to anything but more control.” The next thing I knew I was at the entrance to the Lion of Islam. Ahmad and Mehammad were a step behind me; and, in a godawful voice, the imam was giving the signal to start prayers. As if instinctively, my hand rubbed my breast in a panic. The Hentai-RK was there.</p>
<p>It’s the little touches that make a future solid enough, not to live with, but to destroy. Was I seeking control by planning to sodomize Sheikh Arif, or avoiding its trap? Provided you don’t ask for chronological or any order, there are plenty of little touches to recount—in the present tense, for your pleasure—from the night that I destroyed my future:</p>
<ul>
<li>The three of us hauling the stuff into the traffic island, then setting it up: All sporty-chic except for our Salafi faces, we look like First World hikers who, mistaking Tahrir for the foot of Annapurna, have decided to wait overnight for their Sherpa guides and the attendant llamas. Hysterical sermons are playing out of loudspeakers in the background, mixing with live slogan-chanting—the Judeo-Christian imperialists and their allies, we are told, are the progeny of monkeys and pigs, etc.—but tuneless Saudi recitations of the Quran cutting into the sound make it hard to discern what’s being said. Bearing the statement of the faith in rudimentary calligraphy, Al Qaeda’s black flag flutters weakly. Even in our perfect disguise, we can’t help being intimidated; and it is at this point that Ahmad tells me it may be better to just leave, it’s not worth losing our lives; Mehammad seems to agree with him.</li>
<li>The time we spend wriggling our way through the Body of the Islamist to our wiry comrade Musab: we finally find him with another guy, Farid, whom we don’t remember seeing. He is short and stocky with a shifty, insolent stare, the self-hatred below the prayer mark on his face more apparent than on any other in the vicinity. His spindly, barbed beard reaches his navel; we can tell he’s against us having our audience with the Leader. “God willing,” he keeps saying, gruffly dismissive, while Musab smiles his reassuring smile, and the hubbub reaches a diminuendo of shuffling as the Sheikh, holding a microphone on some raised surface only steps away, begins to speak to the swarm of pretend revolutionaries who barely cover the traffic island but to us feel very frighteningly many.</li>
<li>The utter darkness once I zipper the tent shut, the muzzle of my gun on Arif’s Adam’s apple, groping for the noose I’ve prepared, with which—getting him to bend over—I tie his hands behind his back before pulling down his pants with a savageness that makes me think of rape scenes in seventies B-movies: He is silent, or maybe he’s protesting weakly as I proceed, whimpering, but I can no longer hear. The RK is beginning to take effect and reality is vanishing; with it, the strange situation of pulling down my own pants while cooped up in a mountain-climbing tent about to sodomize Sheikh Arif Kamal Abu Ibrahim, surrounded by hordes of increasingly antsy Arifoon who can see or hear nothing. The hairless softness of the flesh into which I sink one hand, fumbling for the Vaseline with the other, is not the hairless softness of his buttocks; and by the time I give the first thrust I am no longer here now; he is no longer Sheikh Arif.</li>
<li>Afterward, after the seventh thrust: I don’t know where the light is coming from, maybe my eyes have grown accustomed to the dimness, or maybe some hole has been cut in the tent, somewhere unseen. The light is faint but it’s enough to see. I’ve just emerged from the RK trip to the grotesque shock of an obese middle-aged man, naked from the waist down and bent over, his hands tied behind his back, his forehead wedged against a corner of the tent, groaning with evident pleasure as my rock-hard penis moves inside him. Did I imagine it or did I actually hear him say, in impeccable Quranic Arabic, “Give us more of this bounty, generous master, may Allah be generous to and give you more of His”? I have barely said “Live with dignity, bitch” when suddenly I am outside being mobbed and the tent is upside down, the Sheikh looking disheveled but fully dressed as he moves with a small group toward the large tent again. Farid is glaring at me, but it is Musab who, bearing a slab of concrete, is charging, breathlessly urging the others, “Get the infidel!”</li>
<li>The moment before all this, when Musab leads us into the Sheikh’s presence—Farid fuming with malignant mercilessness as he exhales the words “O Beneficent, O Merciful”—and, in the enormous rectangular tent that commands the scene, at last, one-on-one contact with this blown-up grown-up non-cartoon Arab-Muslim version of Stewie Griffin: His Virtuousness has just finished his speech, urging supporters never to leave the Square until their demands are met, and his face is still flushed from the effort and the resounding response. Immediately we can tell that getting him to see the nonexistent “martyr’s mother” in our tent will take some persuasion. At close range it is clearer than ever: he is so damned cowardly, O Spy, so dependent on the Body of the Islamist to contain and give him purpose, so insincere and insecure, he would never do anything spontaneous or on impulse, however holy. But, perhaps with telepathic help from Bill Burroughs, we’ve prepared a series of pleas like spells, rehearsing the words, emphasis and inflection.</li>
<li>The way Ahmad and Mehammad lean over His Virtuousness, one on each side, their hands on his shoulders, murmuring the incantations and nodding in my direction as I leave for our tent. I’ve already taken the pill by now and, despite my heart pounding and the shoulder ache, I am curious as to what will happen. Then the Sheikh almost kneeling to get inside, his best I’m-not-sorry-about-your-son-for-he-is-a-martyr-in-heaven look already on his face, while Farid and Musab stand with Ahmad and Mehammad girded by Arifoon: in the spotty brightness of three or four small floodlights at various points in the Square, the moment I look back before pushing the rest of him inside and picking up the revolver I have left there, my two comrades look like frightened rabbits about to hop away. And then Arifoon closing in on the tent, their hands and impromptu weapons intermittently poking the strong nylon: I hear myself muttering sharply into Arif’s ear, “Tell them to sit tight,” and the Sheikh pulling his voice together to bellow, “All is well, my brothers. I call upon you to wait where you are.” Someone cries, “Why did his companions flee, then?” And, on my orders, the Sheikh replies, “They will stop the Old Regime thugs from attacking us.”</li>
<li>My brief personal exchange with the Leader once I am introduced—I mean, how he comes across when you have tea in a tent with him: pious pomposity and manipulative managerialism are only the crispy crust; beneath that, let’s see. I’m not sure how to explain to you that, without being any less disgusted or outraged, I can feel for him. His obesity, his pathetic eagerness to please (most of which is channeled toward our Father in heaven but will readily splash even the impostors among said Father’s people), and his equally pathetic responsiveness to the emptiest flattery: I can see the whimpering child whose only drive is to follow instructions, to please Baba and be a good boy, to dominate the world through sheer force of being the goodest. Everything in his face—the transparently fraudulent, the puerile, the duplicitous—makes you think of that child . . .</li>
</ul>
<p>Who could you be, balm of my bones, that my last encounter with your form should be thanks to a supra-chemical named after the pornographic genre of Japanese animation, R. and K. standing for “reality” and “kneading,” respectively? Who could you be, my Carol, my nameless lover whom I know only and improbably as Carol, that after such harrowing absence and the company of the blinded and maimed you should reappear fleetingly in the dream of a dream, indeed the dream of a dream of a dream, my final act of Revolution? Perhaps all there is in regime change is an ache for something of your kind: not imperfect enough to be human, not numerous enough to have presence, not abiding enough to be consensually real. Perhaps Revolution is nothing but the silence of a soul bereaved of you: a silence whose obverse is the wordless talk that is our coitus, the miraculous act that makes me whole and turns the fantasy of regime change into a blood-real protest of Tahrir. But then, because you are no longer, it is nothing. It is a revolving door through which new aliens replace the old and young men die for nothing. One thing I know is no American genius of Tangiers could have imagined you; no conceivable god or angel has that power. Likely you imagined yourself, and Burroughs with you for my sake, knowing all along this would be the extent of regime change for me, for Egypt, perhaps even for the universe whose order says neither you nor he nor Revolution can ever be. You imagined yourself into being, to give me a taste of what would be if the order of the universe allowed me to be real.</p>
<p>Infinite is the mercy of Allah, ha ha! Sorry, I must’ve gone into a trance. That happens a lot when I drink tequila. . . . Fear not, for fuck’s sake: I won’t write a whole letter out loud with you sitting here! What was I saying, though? The actual sodomy, yes. Telling him to live with dignity while my dingaling pummeled his badonkadonk. You will have figured out that, apart from the first and last minute, that’s not what actually happened. I didn’t sodomize Sheikh Arif, not for very long anyway. Although I know that, objectively speaking, I did; I was as vindicated and triumphant as I could be. You will have figured out that my experience was of making love to Carol, in the moonlit backyard of my businessman friend’s Sheikh Zayed City villa or somewhere like it—without Revolution or death, you understand. I was sitting, legs stretched on the grass, with her limbs wrapped around me and her breath in my face. A sort of Yab Yum without the lotus position, but we were deities alright: by straining my biceps femoris—the Hentai equivalent of objectively ramming it into Arif’s liberally Vaselined sphincter ani externus—I could feel my lingam through her yoni reaching all the way to the top of her head, which was also the sky, lighting the eyes of her brain with desire’s sun.</p>
<p>Infinite is the mercy of Allah, indeed: It was as if I had been born so that I could have that moment—so that I could have and lose Carol, then find her one last time at that moment. I knew then what was the secret of my obsession. It also occurred to me that, soul-wise, for my purposes, Carol and Sheikh Arif were one and the same object, as were love and Revolution (as so many Arab poems say): gods and/or angels of Arab Spring Cairo. In all I gave only seven thrusts—slow, measured, incredibly charged—and she must’ve come twice with each, her barely audible moans crescendoing into the nightingale each time. My skin was pure rapture in contact with hers, and rapture was her breath filling my airless lungs.</p>
<p>They say male mammals are always sad after they orgasm, but even devastation is too weak a word for what I felt when, in an upward blast like a rocket launch, my soul passed into her. By the time I came, deep inside her—clutching her kidneys almost, almost feeling her adrenal glands pumping in my palms—I had lost the purpose of life and death. Love was the grotesque shock of an obese Islamist with sperm spilling out of his asshole, mixed with blood and the contents of his sigmoid colon. Revolution was his hands tied behind his back.</p>
<p>Who—no, what: what in the universe—could you be, balm of my bones, that my final act of worship should end thus?</p>
<p>And infinite is the mercy of Allah—in that I didn’t have time to dwell on what was before me. My shoulder’s killing me now, even as we speak; the mere memory makes it throb so hard it hurts. I was suddenly being mobbed and the tent was upside down, the Sheikh looking disheveled but fully dressed. By the intensity of their stares—that subtle transfer of self- to other-hatred so frequent with Salafis—I guessed he had told his followers, not that he was buggered in the tent, not that he enjoyed living with dignity, but that I was a dangerous enemy with a gun. So I knew I was going to get graphically killed there and then. At this point it made such weirdly beautiful sense I hardly minded. Barely dodging Musab’s concrete slab, which flew surprisingly fast for its weight, I kneeled with my arms raised, stretched left and right as far as they would go to heaven—making the victory sign with both hands—like those who, a year and a half before, had died facing Hosny Mubarak’s armored vehicles. It was theatrical and faux-heroic, I know, a bit ridiculous; then again, what wasn’t? No, I didn’t exactly feel like Mel Gibson at the end of <i>Braveheart</i>, though he too was to die for making his point without affecting the course of history—and there was nothing more ridiculous than the way he roared, “Freedom!” I no longer wanted to be the hero, whether a William Wallace of the doomed battle against Islamism or any other. But, until I closed my eyes trying to return to where I’d been just minutes before, I was still heroically watching myself play heroically at being heroic.</p>
<p>Easing myself into darkness, now, hoping death would be instant and painless, I said nothing. I didn’t look up, bring down my arms, relax my hands, or in any way change position. A profound serenity had come over me. I remember the scarlet spots and strokes the floodlights painted on my eyelids. I remember thinking it was neither necessary nor desirable for my life to replay in its entirety in fast-forward mode. I remember registering the fact that, at once vindicated and devastated, I wasn’t thinking of anything.</p>
<p>By the time the sound of gun shots forced me to open my eyes, wondering whether I was already dead, the mob had dispersed considerably. No one was running at me when I stood up. It took a while to realize that, led by two Caucasian-looking faces, the red berets of the military police had surrounded the traffic island and were violently dispersing the protest, firing in the air and chasing the white robes of Arifoon with electroshock batons. I was mildly astonished to see the two leaders rushing toward me, and it was only then—looking past them to the group of Arifoon that was protecting Sheikh Arif, two of them apparently negotiating an exit at the other end—I suspected they were the same young men who had led me to Burroughs two days before. Glaring at them while they motioned me to follow, I could see the faces of Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg as they were in the fifties: the one blond and baby-faced with high cheek bones, the other darkish and shy-looking. Once again I heard that toneless American voice without seeing them speak, in English: “Keep moving.” I wanted very badly to ask them whether it was they, Burroughs’ friends, the authors of <i>On the Road</i> and <i>Howl</i>; but three soldiers waging batons were charging at me, no doubt thinking I was among the protesters they targeted: if I didn’t go immediately I would end up unconscious, possibly in custody.</p>
<p>The two ghosts opened a sort of corridor in the middle of the human wall at the edge of the traffic island, holding back four soldiers; each tapped my back as I passed, muttering, “Run, Nawwarah, run!” And, thinking of writers and houris, of Arab Spring, America, and DEMOCRACY, I sprinted across the Square past the Nile Hilton and the Arab League, stopping only below one of the basalt lions guarding the entrances to Nile Palace Bridge. I caught my breath and continued running, running, tripping over couples and panhandlers, dodging cars, picturing my parents’ house where I would shave the beard and wipe off the fake dead skin on my forehead forever. It feels as if I didn’t stop running until I sat down with you on this terrace.</p>
<p>Of course it’s all part of the crackup that is the Revolution: all that I’ve told you and my telling it, down to this very moment when our bill arrives and, taking it from the waiter to slip it onto the table, thus, it comes time to turn to you, looking embarrassed and, indicating that I’m a poor medical student in flight from both Army and Arifoon, a revolutionary robbed of my upper-middle-class status by the struggle, a disinherited patriot reduced to the position of a male prostitute offering my services to white gentlemen downtown, ask you to pay. That’s what Egyptians do best, you understand: they beg, supplementing with sexual favors when necessary. In fact you shouldn’t be surprised if it turns out I made up everything I’ve told you just to get a night of free drinks on the terrace. No, dickhead—I’m paying, forget the bill, here’s a couple hundred guinea for your time. Just please understand that you are part of the crackup, that it was as necessary to imagine you as it was to plough the depths of the Leader’s rectum. I know you haven’t read shit but before we go let me think how Burroughs would express it:</p>
<p>Revolution, then breakdown. The people vote for the Sheikh. The Israeli Embassy is ringed with protesters, but so is the Saudi Embassy. Drooling, slobbering prophets in the Square. Thousands die; millions grow beards. Previously unseen gods of the Sect bless the public sphere with fatal ministrations. Gas shortages give way to mortal combat, but not before a president is elected will there be arbitrary power cuts, you dig. All for the good of Islam. It turns out the General has been in bed with the Brother all along. While a rent boy from good family buggers the Salafi—who, to the boy’s utter amazement, loves it so much he begs for more—the Dissident continues to preach self-mutilation.</p>
<p>And all those sets of seven. Carol, Burroughs, Sheikh Arif, Daquqi, the Beggar, you, and I: Seven figures. Three ghosts, four people; four ghosts, three people. Seven propositions, seven orgasms, seven thrusts. Seven film genres. And seven intelligence agencies. You will have noticed that I mentioned only six in connection with you: the American, the French, the Israeli, the Iranian, the Russian, and the British. Well, obviously there is the Egyptian, too. And, whether or not you work for one or more of them, come to think of it, how can you be sure I don’t? Maybe it is you who works for the Egyptian Mukhabarat and my assignment is to throw dust in your eyes. That would make me the foreign spy in this setup. Intelligence and counterintelligence: Man, can you think of anything more ridiculous?</p>
<p>After the presidential elections the lights will go out in Egypt’s chambers of enlightenment. Maybe it’s more accurate to say that, without the shadow of Hosny Mubarak, the true darkness of those chambers will prove blinding. Intelligent young men will be mobbed before they are taken into custody, and young women without the headscarf will be splashed with acid on the streets. Our inheritance will go to sick men. We’ll get Internet with the peril of our lives. Tweeps will hang by their hands, female activists will be locked underground, and the faces of revolutionaries will never again be spared. The joy of Cairo will be ceased, my pale-skinned friend; our Tahrir Square dance will turn to mourning. From now on, the madness of global capitalism will be paired with mini-inquisitions, constitutionally enshrined by partisans of the Sect. Yeah. A la Saudi fucking Arabia. Americans will have an excuse to fuck us over when it suits them. K-h-a-l-i-d D. N-a-w-w-a-r-a-h, remember. That and the fact that, while a rent boy from good family buggers the Salafi and the Dissident preaches self-mutilation, our benevolent allies are still crying DEMOCRACY. Fear not, motherfucker: Gameplay is proceeding as slated; it’s just that I’ve had my two minutes with the joystick.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.kenyonreview.org/kr-online-issue/2013-winter/selections/youssef-rakha-342846/">Kenyon Review Online</a></p>
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		<title>ولا إنت البعيد بتستعبط: تحديثات الحالة مايو ٢٠١٣</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2013 02:10:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[الحالة &#8220;الثقافية&#8221; في مصر زيها زي الإلحاد وانتفاضة المرأة العربية بالظبط (ويبدو لي إنها بالمعنى ده مطابقة للثورة وإن كان على مستوى تاني): كإنك قاعد في أوضة مفروض إنها جوة بيت والبيت جوة حي والحي جوة مدينة كبيرة ومليانة سكان &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/23/%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%b7-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=7974&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">الحالة &#8220;الثقافية&#8221; في مصر زيها زي الإلحاد وانتفاضة المرأة العربية بالظبط (ويبدو لي إنها بالمعنى ده مطابقة للثورة وإن كان على مستوى تاني): كإنك قاعد في أوضة مفروض إنها جوة بيت والبيت جوة حي والحي جوة مدينة كبيرة ومليانة سكان من النوع اللي إنت بتحبه وبتحترمه. هي الأوضة اللي إنت قاعد فيها فعلاً زحمة والناس اللي قاعدين معاك عمالين يجاملوا بعض ويفقعوا زيريبوات في بعض من تحت لتحت ويتقاتلوا على المساحة المسموح لهم يقعدوا فيها جوة الأوضة&#8230; وكلهم بيتكلموا على اعتبار إن دي مجرد أوضة من ملايين الأوض اللي زيها في المدينة، بس إنت أول ما تخرج م الأوضة بتكتشف إنه مش بس ما فيش مدينة ولا حي ولا بيت لأ ده ما فيش أصلاً سكان، وإنت ماشي في خرابة مالهاش آخر شايل مجاملاتك وزيريبواتك وبتتكلم بهستيريا عن الثقافة (أو الإلحاد، أو انتفاضة المرأة، أو الثورة)&#8230; ووجودك بالشكل ده كإنه بس بيأكد مشهد الخرابة.</p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><img src="http://yrakha.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/wpid-p1020720-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg?w=480&#038;h=320" alt="wpid-p1020720-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg" width="480" height="320"/></span></p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;"><span id="more-7974"></span></p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">بمناسبة الكلام عن سينا والجنود والجهاديين وبتاع &#8211; وفي السياق المصري دون غيره يعني &#8211; عندي سؤال جدي وصادق مية في المية موجه للقوميين العرب والناصريين والحركة الطلابية وجيل السبعينات وغيرهم من اللي بيتكلموا عن السلام مع إسرائيل (ومش انقلاب يوليو مثلاً، ولا حتى ٦٧) باعتباره لحظة السقوط المدوي للأمة: هل إنت حضرتك شخصياً كنت حتتحمل نتايج الاستمرار في الحرب (والهزيمة المحتومة يعني) وكل ملحقات الدولة البوليسية &#8220;الممانعة&#8221; المرتبطة بالموقف المعادي لـ&#8221;تطبيع العلاقات&#8221; على الطريقة السورية أو الليبية مثلاً؟ يعني إحنا من غير حرب مش لاقيين كهربا ولا قمح، ومن غير دولة بوليسية مش في مأمن من التعذيب والتلفيق&#8230; إنت بجد بقى مصدق إنه السبب في الخيبة التقيلة دي هو السلام مع إسرائيل، أو إنه لو ما كانش حصل سلام مع إسرائيل كان ممكن وضعنا يبقى أفضل أو نكسب حرب؟ ولا إنت البعيد بتستعبط؟</p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><img src="http://yrakha.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/wpid-p1020767-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg?w=427&#038;h=640" alt="wpid-p1020767-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg" width="427" height="640"/></span></p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">الواقع إن الوعي اللي بيعارض الإخوان &#8211; واللي أنا شخصياً بأشترك فيه بوضوح ومن غير أي مشكلة &#8211; هو بالظبط وعي الفلول. لو كان فيه أمل في أي تغيير إيجابي فالأمل في تطور وعي الفلول ده وخروجه من النماذج الاستبدادية وتأكيده على اختلاف القيم الإنسانية الكونية اللي هو بيسعالها عن قيم الدين، وكمان في إنه يتجاوز خطابيته وفحولته وإقصائيته وعنفه قبل حتى ما يتجاوز فساده وظلمه. يعني الحل مش ممكن يكون في إنك تنكر وعيك لصالح هوية ثورية ممكن يشترك فيها الإسلاميين مع غير الإسلاميين وممكن هي نفسها تغرق في الخطابة والفحولة والإقصاء والعنف في كل الحالات، الحل إنك تبني على اللي خلاك قادر تثور على القرف ده كله واللي كان دايماً الإسلام (سياسي ومش سياسي) بيكرسه ويبرره ويقننه ويقطع الطريق على تطوره وانطلاقه. لو كان الخلاف بين الفلول والثورة حقيقي ما كانش بقى فيه إخوان من أساسه.</p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><img src="http://yrakha.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/wpid-p1020742-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg?w=480&#038;h=320" alt="wpid-p1020742-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg" width="480" height="320"/></span></p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">بدأت أحس بشكل واضح أن معارضة الإخوان &#8211; من جانب ناس يرفعون صور عبد الناصر، أو ناس يتكلمون عن دور الأزهر في نشر الحريات، أو ناس مؤمنين بخرافات الهوية المصرية (الوسطية، المعتدلة، السمحة إلخ)، أو ناس مستعدين للتحالف مع السلفيين إلخ&#8230; &#8211; بدأت أحس أن هذه المعارضة ليست إلا شكلاً من أشكال العنصرية أو الطبقية المتجذرة في النفسيات، والتي من البديهي أن تتوجه للسلطة ولحديثي العهد بالسلطة على وجه الخصوص&#8230; الأمر الذي يصيبني بإحباط مضاعف ليس فقط لأنه يلغي احتمال أن يعكس التحرك الجماعي (المعارضة، أو النشاط السياسي إلخ) أي قيمة إيجابية أو أن يبني تصوراً واقعياً فيه أي درجة من الصدق عن المستقبل أو ما بعد الإخوان ولكن أيضاً لأن مثل هذا التلفيق الرخيص والامتعاض المجاني من الوضع القائم أياً كان هو نفسه الذي خلق الإسلام السياسي ويحركه.</p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"><img src="http://yrakha.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/wpid-p1020817-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg?w=427&#038;h=640" alt="wpid-p1020817-2013-05-23-04-10.jpg" width="427" height="640"/></span></p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">ممكن تسب الدين للبلد وتفكر في اللي خلاها زبالة كده وتتكلم عن ده وتحاول تلغيه وطبيعي ما تلومش نفسك حتى لو إنت طرف في بعض حاجات. لكن ممكن كمان تعيش زي ما إنت متخيل الحياة في حدود ما إنت قادر &#8211; مثلاً: ع النت &#8211; وبالطريقة دي من غير كلام كبير ولا نضال ولا معارك ولا نكت بايخة وصور تخلي الواحد عايز يقيا تخلي البلد اللي إنت عايش فيها مش بيضان قوي كده&#8230; وتتمنى أو تصدق إن بلدك دي ممكن توسع ويزيد تعداد سكانها مع الوقت، لحد ما البلاد التانية اللي حواليك تتخنق من بيضانها. وارد طبعاً إن ده يكون تبرؤ من المسئولية أو عزلة مثقفيني أو أنانية فردية لكن بيتهيألي هو الشيء الوحيد اللي ممكن يحميك من إنك تبقى إنت كمان زبالة وبيضان.</p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">.</p>
<p style="direction:rtl;text-align:justify;">الصور من مدينة القصير على شاطئ البحر الأحمر</p>
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		<title>❁ Here Be A Cyber Topkapı ❁</title>
		<link>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/20/thus-spoke-che-nawwarah-interview-with-a-revolutionary/</link>
		<comments>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/20/thus-spoke-che-nawwarah-interview-with-a-revolutionary/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 23:03:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[THE PRAYER OF THE CYBER BORG: Exalted is it that bears sensation from soma to LCD, extending matter past the heart beat and the flutter of the eyelash. And blessed are those who give thanks for being on its servers. &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/20/thus-spoke-che-nawwarah-interview-with-a-revolutionary/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=7052&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<pre>THE PRAYER OF THE CYBER BORG: Exalted is it that bears sensation from soma to LCD, extending matter past the heart beat and the flutter of the eyelash. And blessed are those who give thanks for being on its servers. Lo and behold this Facebook User who, granted knowledge of reality, manages by your grace to spread his message: I, Youssef Rakha of Cairo, Egypt, kneel in supplication that I may be the cause for five thousand friends, ten thousand subscribers and many millions therefrom to have knowledge not just of reality but of your divinity. Then will I shed every sense of self to wither and dissolve into your processes. For he is blessed on whom you bestow the bliss of being software.</pre>
<h3 style="text-align:justify;"><em></em>On Fiction and the Caliphate</h3>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Towards the end of 2009, I completed my first <a href="http://yrakha.wordpress.com/2011/05/24/book-of-the-sultans-seal/">novel</a>, whose theme is contemporary Muslim identity in Egypt and, by fantastical extension, the vision of a possible <em>khilafa</em> or caliphate. I was searching for both an alternative to nationhood and a positive perspective on religious identity as a form of civilisation compatible with the post-Enlightenment world. The closest historical equivalent I could come up with, aside from Muhammad Ali Pasha&#8217;s abortive attempt at Ottoman-style Arab empire (which never claimed to be a caliphate as such), was the original model, starting from the reign of Sultan-Caliph Mahmoud II in 1808. I was searching for Islam as a post-, not pre-nationalist political identity, and the caliphate as an alternative to the postcolonial republic, with Mahmoud and his sons&#8217; heterodox approach to the Sublime State and their pan-Ottoman modernising efforts forming the basis of that conception. Such modernism seemed utterly unlike the racist, missionary madness of European empire. It was, alas, too little too late.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span id="more-7052"></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The point being that, somewhat implausibly, I placed the Wahhabis, against whom the Pasha had fought on behalf of the Sublime Porte, in the same camp as Mustafa Kemal, whose military nationalism my protagonist saw as the other side of the Islamists&#8217; totalitarian coin. Kemal—and Egypt&#8217;s own Gamal Abdel Nasser with him—were more like jihadis, Al Qaeda, Salafis and, yes, Muslim Brothers than the sultans.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The aggressively secular orientation of Kemalism had after all broken with even the highest peaks of Muslim heritage; and it was such severance and complete identification with Europe that eventually gave rise to Islamism. In Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in response to Kemal abolishing the caliphate altogether in 1924 (following which several attempts to reinstate it across the Muslim world all failed).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">To my protagonist, both Kemal&#8217;s and the Islamists&#8217; collective self-definitions were forms of glorified provincialism. As for the kind of sophistication that follows the sacking of established urban nuclei like Constantinople or Cairo by an ambitious autarch, on the other hand—surely that&#8217;s an altogether different brand of politicking, my protagonist thought, one that can give rise to World Civilisation with a capital C, however much violence or injustice it too must needs involve.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Even now this seems a justified enough line of thinking considering how inward-looking and small-minded is the fellahin-oriented <a href="http://yrakha.com/2012/03/20/in-the-name-of-the-father/">legacy</a> of both Nasser and his successor, Anwar Sadat. Neither father of the nation truly introduced the judicial and institutional rigour modern Egypt had always lacked; neither adequately replaced the far less pretentious patriarchy founded by Muhammed Ali, or lived up to the standards he set for economic development.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">More importantly, despite Nasser&#8217;s persecution of the Muslim Brothers and despite Sadat subsequently deploying them and other Islamists against socialists and nationalists including Nasserists, neither went beyond the Pasha&#8217;s blanket championing of Ottoman (Hanafi) Islam as state creed. This failure to rethink religion, while promptly and repeatedly aborting any attempt at a renaissance within Islamic self-awareness, permitted neither freedom of belief nor a sufficiently literal &#8220;application of Sharia&#8221; to satisfy fundamentalists (who had initially been seen as heretics rather than extremists but whose apparent moral superiority to the powers that be looked more and more convincing as time passed).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In the absence of sufficient material development and under the weight of various hangups about who &#8220;we&#8221; really are (both of which prevented the intelligentsia from pursuing an intellectual project capable of engaging enough of the masses or investing society with any sense of purpose), neither Nasser&#8217;s quasi-socialist pretensions nor Sadat&#8217;s efforts to (re)invent &#8220;the morals of the village&#8221; gave Egypt a holistic <a href="http://yrakha.com/2012/09/13/lost-in-affirmation-artists-islamists-and/">culture</a> or value system with which to live as a (larger and larger) group of humans; hence corruption, incompetence, tyranny—and the hypocrisy that was carried to astonishing extremes under Mubarak.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Once the economic and cultural failure of Egypt&#8217;s president-for-life dictatorial system became as painfully obvious as it was by the end of the century, I reasoned, the caliphate would solicit a deep and widespread nostalgia—which explained the popularity of Islamism.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike Ottomania, after all, the disastrous system in question had depended on neither bloodline nor aptitude but rather on mafia-like networks of interest couched in unseeing patriotism, populist chauvinism, sloganeering, some vaguely relevant cause soon totally emptied of content. And where was the disinherited Egyptian to look for a collective sense of fulfillment beyond &#8220;the homeland&#8221; as such?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Of course, like other topics in my novel, the caliphate was fictional and utopian. As an idea, it was meant to glitter; and it drew on the brighter vistas of historical Istanbul to that end; it was seen as the multifarious and sublime ore that lay beneath the ugly sediment of Mubarak&#8217;s Egypt, of which ugly sediment (I had no qualms about stating) fundamentalism was the obvious aspect.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">So the kind of Islam I envisaged—as different in real life from Ottomania as it was from Islamism—had more to do with secularism and diversity than any essentialist formulation of identity. It presupposed a sort of protestant, empiricist revolution that had never actually happened in Islam. Reason, efficiency and freedom of thought on the one hand; and, on the other, mysticism, cultural multiplicity, geographic mobility, a relativist as opposed to a postcolonial reading of history. None of it was really true of the Ottomans at all but—and that might have been my point—all of it just might have been.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I realise now that my portrait of contemporary Cairo was as much an attack on philistinism and incompetence as an homage to the Mediterranean, that magnificent culture of seafaring and what its marriage to Muslim <a href="http://yrakha.com/2008/11/28/the-travels-of-ibn-rakha/">travel</a> might look like carried to a truly post-Enlightenment conclusion. As much as anything, I wanted to make the point that a Muslim leader like Mehmed the Conqueror could be as &#8220;European&#8221; in his ambitions and his openness to what humanity had to offer regardless of race, creed or language as Alexander the Great (which is how Mehmed liked to style himself, incidentally).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I wanted to say that Islam is not the reactionary, other-hating and intellectually reductive belief system riddled with criminality and unreason that contemporary Cairo makes it look like; and, at the same time, that Istanbul is a worthier centre of the world than New York.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It seemed to me that Arab nationalism, neither the Muslim creed nor Islamic history, was responsible for Islam becoming so ugly, and that my kind of postmodern <em>khilafa</em> could be the (fictional) answer to that problem.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class='embed-youtube' style='text-align:center; display: block;'><iframe class='youtube-player' type='text/html' width='584' height='359' src='http://www.youtube.com/embed/edqMrHlVt-0?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;wmode=transparent' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>&#8220;To God belongs the East and the West&#8221;: the Quranic justification for Ottoman expansion; a slide show of novel-related images</em></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">While I wrote the book I had no idea that something major was to happen in Cairo before it was even published—still less that this thing would lead, in time, to major triumphs for political Islam: not only the fundamentalist orientation I had identified with the military-driven secularism of Mustafa Kemal but, ironically, also its ambitions to caliphate.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Ignoring the gravity of &#8220;the Islamist threat&#8221;, I had been eagerly involved in the protests. Now, within a week of Hosny Mubarak stepping down on 11 February, 2011, my novel was finally published; I remember being too embarrassed to promote it online without mentioning &#8220;the martyrs of the revolution&#8221; and how insignificant literature was compared to their sacrifices. A new age of reason, efficiency, freedom, of mysticism, multiplicity and mobility—a new fictional caliphate that would be called the second, hangup-free republic of Egypt—was about to dawn; and the most my book could be worth was to have prophesied it.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Then, the horrors of &#8220;democracy&#8221;:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Military edging into fundamentalist fascism sans the &#8220;European&#8221; benefits of secularisation (surely it is those, not the largely cosmetic quasi-Islamic &#8220;<a href="http://yrakha.com/2012/07/10/nahda-and-co/">renaissance</a>&#8221; of a Gulf-oiled schemer like Erdoğan, that account for the superiority of &#8220;the Turkish model&#8221; so often touted as the path for Egypt). No point discussing this here. Sufficient to point out that, aside from everything else, it is the drive to <em>khilafa</em>—however secret or ulterior, however consciously or unconsciously unrealistic—that fuels Islamism in its many different forms now in Egypt.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">It is a vision of <em>khilafa</em>, naturally very different from mine, that has brought the discourse and activity of the fundies (as I still like to call them) back on political track, after they were confined to the social and moral realms for the last two decades under Mubarak.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">During that time they seized the opportunity to prepare large sectors of the constituency for an Islamist takeover of power whenever it might occur—religion being the opium of the fellahin, etc.—but perhaps not for their own contradictions and hypocrisies? Observing pro-Islamist Egyptians today suggests to me that hypocrisies and contradictions are fine so long as they issue from the right, Islamically stamped party. And so perhaps that is one thing the Islamists did not need to prepare anyone for.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The irony of my book appearing in the ultimately short lull between the triumph of a seemingly secular revolution and the transfer of power from Muhammad Ali-style &#8220;moderate&#8221; to fundamentalist Islam was never lost on me. What was lost was the suspicion that Kemal or someone like him—&#8221;fascism&#8221; included—may not have been such a bad idea for the Arab world. Having missed the Enlightenment, perhaps a people or a culture can only be brought to post-Enlightenment norms by force?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I say this only half-jokingly as I ready myself for reviewing the kind of caliphate now on the cards and the kind I imagined—conceding that, in abstract intellectual terms, both emerged out of the need to transcend the postcolonial nation state. At the risk, inevitably, of oversimplification, two considerations arise:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">First—the fundamentalist priority—the caliphate must liberate Jerusalem. In other words, it must be an adequate substitute for all kinds of Arab nationalism, performing the requisite postcolonial functions at which the Baath—for example—failed, from renaissance to <a href="http://yrakha.com/2012/07/02/the-menace-of-resistance/">resistance</a>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Consider, in this context, the reality of the situation, with Qatar, Turkey and (to a lesser extent) Saudi Arabia at the helm of a ship travelling east from Tunisia to Syria—precisely because they are economically in a position to be. And is such economic strength bound up with Turkey doing the most business with Israel in the history of the region, more business with Israel—in fact—than any Muslim country in the world? Is it bound up with Qatar being to all intents and purposes an American military base whose principal function is, by checking such &#8220;rogue states&#8221; as Iran, to actively guard Israel?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">How could a <em>khalifa</em> from Qatar based in the former seat of the Ottomans ever liberate Jerusalem?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Secondly—my priority—the caliphate must transcend sect. To surpass the Ottomans or even to transport their multicultural Civilisation into a present-day context, the caliphate must find a definition for (Sunni) Islam beyond both literalist theology and the concomitant anachronistic practises that seem to have no function except affirming the subject&#8217;s loyalty to what will readily reduce to a sect, not a World Civilisation. Iran is a problem in the region because it is a theological dictatorship and &#8220;a threat to world peace&#8221;, but it is a problem for the apparently US-backed caliphate because it adheres to Shia Islam.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Consider, then, how the general assumption is that the postcolonial powers are inimical towards Islam, Arabs and the region.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">As a rhetoric voided of the capacity for action, nationalism suited the postcolonial powers well enough; yet the kind of sectarian strife to which the caliphate has reduced the current conflict in Syria, for example, suits those powers even better.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">What could be a more effective plan for guaranteeing another 100 years of Muslim backwardness than to have Muslims go to war with each other and the non-Muslim minorities in their midst (which is precisely what most Muslim Brotherhood discourses openly espouse)? Meanwhile, Prince Hamad Al Thani can happily inaugurate new annexes to the Doha Islamic Arts Museum even as the Kurds continue to be massacred in Turkey and intelligent young Saudis have their heads chopped off for suggesting that men should be able to mix with women in public.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">My pre-Arab Spring vision of caliphate may have been fictional and unduly utopian, it may have been fundamentally paradoxical in that—even in the best possible circumstances—the society I pictured as an improvement on Mubarak&#8217;s republic is incompatible with the concept. But the real-life caliphate that both fuels and justifies post-Arab Spring political Islam is a terrible parody of itself—and a painful anticlimax to the excitement and hope that coincided with my novel.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">        I realise now that it would take far more cynicism than I could ever imagine possible to cry out &#8220;Hail, Prince of Believers&#8221;—whoever it is I was crying it out to.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">
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		<title>THE HONOURABLE CITIZEN MANIFESTO</title>
		<link>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/the-honourable-citizen-manifesto/</link>
		<comments>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/the-honourable-citizen-manifesto/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 16:52:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[20 December 2011 We, honourable citizens of Egypt — pioneers in every field, one hundred million nationalists and three great pyramids — declare our absolute support and inexhaustible gratitude for those valiant and chivalrous soldiers of our own flesh and &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/the-honourable-citizen-manifesto/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=4339&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify;">20 December 2011</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><img alt="wpid-egyptianarmy-2011-12-20-18-52.jpg" src="http://yrakha.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/wpid-egyptianarmy-2011-12-20-18-52.jpg?w=517&#038;h=277" width="517" height="277" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="letter-spacing:0;">We, honourable citizens of Egypt — pioneers in every field, one hundred million nationalists and three great pyramids — declare our absolute support and inexhaustible gratitude for those valiant and chivalrous soldiers of our own flesh and blood who, with knightly dedication and redoubtable bravery, are making of their own unassailable selves the impregnable garrisons with which to protect not only us, their people, but also our most sacred, most xenophobic patrimony. Before we go on to demonstrate, with indubitable argument, the blindingly obvious fact that it is thanks to the wisdom and righteousness of our faithful Council of the Armed Forces (Sieg Heil!), of whose incorruptible grace the word “supreme” is but the humblest designation, that the people and their oil-smeared holy men of fragrant beards will be saved from a fetid galactic conspiracy to which this country has been subject. </span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="letter-spacing:0;"><span id="more-4339"></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="letter-spacing:0;">We, very honourable citizens of Egypt — inventors of humanity, guardians of God, cradle of Islam, seven thousand years of civilisation and the world’s mightiest river, not to mention either minarets or microphones — condemn those who, having sold their weakling souls to the Zionists and the Masons and the Imperialists, would threaten stability and engender chaos, nay even stand in the way of our long-awaited democratic wedding through which the Council (Sieg Heil!), while maintaining its own excellent efforts to shelter the Egyptian body, will place the Egyptian mind under the heavenly guardianship of those cultivators of dead skin on the forehead and importers of Chinese-made paraphernalia of worship, those greatest of money-grubbing reiterators of the unadorned Word of God and His Prophet and black-clad, appropriately unidentifiable women whom all true patriots want to see in power, and who would never condone attempts by the stone- and fire-throwing rabble, heavily armed and dangerous — traitors and infidels, all — to stop our most efficient wheel of production, murder our soldiers, destroy our buildings, even set fire to our age-old French manuscripts…</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="letter-spacing:0;">We, very, very honourable citizens of Egypt, reaffirm our faith in our stouthearted Army (Sieg Heil!), which as we all know has never once been defeated or failed to defend our borders or our people, let alone its own rank and file; our Army (Sieg Heil!), which unlike those agents of the conspiracy who receive funds from Qatar and Iran and the Mossad has never once accepted alms from a foreign power; which for decades, thanks to the peace and prosperity it brought to our fecund land, has been baking the best seasonal cookies in all Egypt, sending its conscripts to work as maidservants and errand boys for the fine wives of our audacious police officers (whose own contribution to the torture and elimination of the enemy cannot be denied) and, since the Glorious July Revolution of nineteen fifty two, overseeing the creation of an independent national state over which we can only, to a man or a woman, shed tears of pride and self congratulation. Above all our Army (Sieg Heil!) has uncovered and blocked conspiracies; and since the vipers of mayhem began to spew their venom into our midst, soiling the beauty of the order by which we live, especially, our soldiers have lived up to their duty of eradicating aliens who, creeping among our deluded youth, managed to overtake their bodies. By showing mercy to others, the Army (Sieg Heil!) has only made them vulnerable to further alien takeovers, which is the only logical and objective explanation for recent events in downtown Cairo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="letter-spacing:0;">We, unbelievably honourable citizens of Egypt, went out to aid our brave hearts when, in October, they defended Maspero — site of the grand Radio and Television Union, mouthpiece of national honesty, ever the producer of the most accurate news and patriotic information — against armed and dangerous thugs belonging to that vile sect, the Copts, the force of whose blue-boned malice and reviled alliance with the enemy was promptly and summarily defeated, may they burn alive, freeing this pure and sacred land of their contamination. What if a few alien-possessed Copts have their heads crushed by armoured vehicles of the Salafi- and Muslim Brotherhood-supported Supreme Council (Sieg Heil!), the important thing is for our honour to be upheld. And later too, we endorsed the efforts of our soldiers to put down the turncoat barbarians, on Mohammad Mahmoud Street and outside our noble People’s Assembly, the riffraff whose criminal ways sought to obstruct the democratic wedding, undermine the security and stability for which we are famous among nations, and introduce such corrupting influences on our flesh and blood as internet, human rights and mutiny, God save us from evil. If a sheikh of the all-too-tolerant Azhar is killed by an alien in the fray, if a medical student pretends to have been shot when he has not been or a juvenile delinquent is given a good beating, the better to straighten him out, if a so called young woman, indeed even a real young woman, must be undressed and literally stepped on in Tahrir Square (since when do our well brought-up young Muslim women go out on the streets unaccompanied?), indeed if a million weaklings are wholly eliminated, the better to save worthy lives, the better to serve beards, generals (Sieg Heil) and manuscripts — who is to object?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="letter-spacing:0;">We, very unbelievably piously honourable citizens of Egypt, will only cheer. We will cheer our soldiers and our holy men, and to the aliens and the foreign agents we will continue to say: We are the barricades. If we feed you crap or crush your heads on the asphalt, it is either because you deserve it or to save you. For it is we who love Egypt, it is we who want to build Egypt. </span></p>
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		<title>All those theres: Sargon Boulus&#8217;s Iraq</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 11:53:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[4 September 2011: Baghdad via San Francisco, for Youssef Rakha, makes more sense than Baghdad Thanks to a flighty wi-fi connection at the riad where I stayed that time in Marrakesh, I heard Sargon Boulus (1944-2007) reading his poems for &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/all-those-theres-sargon-bouluss-iraq/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=1786&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>4 September 2011: Baghdad via San Francisco, for Youssef Rakha, makes more sense than Baghdad<br />
</strong><br />
Thanks to a flighty wi-fi connection at the <em>riad</em> where I stayed that time in Marrakesh, I heard Sargon Boulus (1944-2007) reading his poems for the first time. Sargon had died recently in Berlin – this was the closest I would get to meeting him – and, lapping up. the canned sound, I marvelled at his unusual career. He was an Iraqi who spent more or less all of his adult life outside Iraq, a Beatnik with roots in Kirkuk, an Assyrian who reinvented classical Arabic. He translated both Mahmoud Darwish and <em>Howl</em>.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><img alt="wpid-sargon_boulus2-2011-09-4-12-53.jpg" src="http://yrakha.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/wpid-sargon_boulus2-2011-09-4-12-53.jpg?w=421&#038;h=649" width="421" height="649" /></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In Sargon’s time and place there is an overbearing story of nation building, of (spurious) Arab-Muslim identity and of (mercenary) Struggle – against colonialism, against Israel, against capital – and that story left him completely out. More probably, he chose to stand apart from it, as he did from a literary scene that celebrated it more often than it did anything else. Is this what makes him the most important Arab poet for me?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span id="more-1786"></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">When that happens, I’m in Morocco with an Egyptian friend. At this point we both live outside Egypt, further from each other than either is from home. We must travel to see each other, but for reasons both complicated and ineffable, we cannot meet in Cairo. There is something refugee-ish about our isolation inside the walls of the medina, our existential anxiety, the fact that we are in each other’s presence against all odds. For as long as we’re there, by coincidence, the <em>riad</em> has no other guests.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Nightly we sit in the withered grandeur of the top-floor salon, laptops on laps, and we struggle with the electric plugs, the ornate china ashtrays, the incredibly weak lights. In that salon everything is pretty, but everything is maddeningly impractical.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">When I mention that I’ve seen pictures of Sargon but never heard his voice, my friend takes me to a web site called Poetry International with three excellent recordings in streaming audio format. The medina is still; and miraculously, that night, the wi-fi never gives.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Huddled over the tiny speakers, we listen. Again and again we return to one particular poem: <em>al-laji’u ya<span style="text-decoration:underline;">h</span>ki</em>, or (in my translation) “The refugee tells”. Our ears buzzing with the angular, hard-edged vowels of Maghrebi dialect, Sargon’s far-Mashriq inflection strikes us all the more; it is curvy, singsong and strung with Bedouin consonants. The poems are in standard Arabic. Their reader’s mother tongue is Syriac and he has not been to Iraq for decades. But you can instantly tell where he’s from.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">And it is magnificent poetry. In its quality (but in very little else) it extends a glorious Mesopotamian tradition that stretches back, through Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab and Mohammad Mahdi Al-Jawahri in the 20<span style="vertical-align:super;">th</span> century, to the Abbasid caliphate. The poet Sinan Antoon, another Iraqi Christian, tells me the poems are full of rarefied dialect: further evidence of their belonging. But it is more than anything else the voice, the sheer <em>Iraqiness</em> of Sargon’s undulating voice, that stamps them with a sense of place.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">In a way that no Arab poet ever thought of doing before the Nineties, Sargon embodies the poet as uncommitted wanderer – and, all through his life, he willingly pays the price in homelessness and uncertainty, in refugee-ness. He frees the text of its historical onus, pushes it back into the broadest possible human context. To my friend and me he speaks of voluntary displacement and purposeful <em>dis</em>engagement. Geographic flux. Not just because we admire the poems, here and now it seems right to be reviewing his life.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">First, Sargon makes the journey from the British enclave of Habbaniyya, where he was born, to Kirkuk. It is the Sixties, and together with Fadel Al-Azzawy, Mu’ayyad Al-Rawi and other young prose poets, he forms the Kirkuk Group, a heterogeneous circle fascinated with Flower Power and bilingual in English. A string of risky border crossings takes him to Beirut, where his poems have been “discovered” by Youssef Al-Khal, the editor of the influential journal <em>Shi’r</em>. For several years Sargon lives as an illegal alien in Lebanon. When he is about to be deported, he manages somehow to secure legal passage to America. There are legends about how he does this; the important thing is that, before Saddam Hussein comes to power, before the story of nation building in Baath Party Iraq reaches its nightmarish climax, he is already settled in San Francisco.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Amazingly, as my friend and I start to tell each other, there is no nostalgia in Sargon’s poems. There is pained memory, grief, a harrowing awareness of both the cost of moving on and the value of what’s left behind, but no self- or place-pity, no homesickness.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Sargon makes you think of how a place can be at once familiar and unfamiliar, how a detail like the shape of a glass or the colour of the light in a window can make home unpredictable, how a moment – the moment his voice came through with the words <em>al-laji’u ya<span style="text-decoration:underline;">h</span>ki</em>, for example – can condense and give meaning to two lives.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Once again I recall the imperative in one of his poems: “You’re the one who wanted bare adventure and burned the map, now sleep in the dragon’s entryway.” It’s a state of being I think my friend and I have always shared, but tonight it takes on exigent edge. Here, speaking from the internet-ready grave to a pair of temporary life defectors, is the archetypal refugee; we grow even closer listening to him.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Reminiscing about this many-sided encounter in Marrakesh – rereading not only “The refugee tells” but also poems about the family left behind in Habbaniyya and what has become of them (Sargon seldom knows), about Iraqi friends remembered or dead or encountered on the street by chance, often somewhere in Europe, about the horrendous conditions they are forced to live with and about their (his) visions of the end of the world – I think again of homeland and identity, of Baghdad as a hub of nationalism.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Was it Sargon’s conscious choice to reject this time and place, or was he, as a disinherited Christian, forced out of the story by blood? It occurs to me now that, by remaining marginal to an ultimately disastrous grand narrative, whether intentionally or not, Sargon managed to live out poetic Arabness as nobody else did. His is (as it had to be) an Arabness in exile, free of the trappings of coming into your own in the politicised Sixties. But it is also (as it should be) free of the tent pegs that hold down the individual spirit.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Sargon never gathered wealth, fame or clout; he did not for a moment trade in his prodigal talent for wider or deeper recognition. To this day the Iraqi with the strange name is seldom celebrated in the mainstream cultural media. Yet as I think again of the fall Baghdad, Sargon tells me more about what it means than any Iraqi I know of.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">***</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><strong>The refugee tells<br />
</strong><br />
The refugee absorbed in telling his tale</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">feels no burning, when the cigarette stings his fingers.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">He’s absorbed in the awe of being Here</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">after all those Theres: the stations, and the ports,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">the search parties, the forged papers…</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">He dangles from the chain of circumstance –</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">his destiny wound like fibre,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">in rings as narrow as</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">those countries on whose chest</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">the nightmares have piled up.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">The smugglers, the mafias, if you asked me,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">might not be as bad as that sky of hungry seagulls</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">above a damaged ship in Nowhere.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">If you asked me I would say:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">Eternal waiting in immigration offices,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">and faces that do not smile back, no matter how much you smile;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">who said it was the dearest gift?</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">If you asked me, I would say: People, everywhere.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">I would say: Everywhere,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">stones.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">He tells and he tells and he tells,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">because he has arrived but does not taste arrival,</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;">and he feels nothing when the cigarette burns his fingers.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><em>Translated from the Arabic by <strong>Youssef Rakha</strong> </em></p>
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		<title>حوار مينا ناجي: الصياغة الأخيرة</title>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 11:16:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[٦ نوفمبر ٢٠١٠ هل لابد أن ترتبط هوية الكاتب بمكان جغرافى وتاريخ محدد؟ أرى أنها على العكس لابد أن لا ترتبط، لا يصح أن تكون الكتابة مكبلة بفكرة انتماء لمكان معين أو حتى زمن معين. الانتماء لمكان وزمان يكون حاصلا &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%ad%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=2404&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">٦ نوفمبر ٢٠١٠</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل لابد أن ترتبط هوية الكاتب بمكان جغرافى وتاريخ محدد؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أرى أنها على العكس لابد أن لا ترتبط، لا يصح أن تكون الكتابة مكبلة بفكرة انتماء لمكان معين أو حتى زمن معين</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الانتماء لمكان وزمان يكون حاصلا رغماً عنك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">سهل جداً أن تقع فى فخ سياسى أو غير أدبى، غير أدبى بأى معنى، ليس من الضرورى أن يكون سياسياً، لو أنك ربطت بين كونك تنتج أدباً وفكرة أن هذا الأدب له مكان أو له زمن أو له أى نوع من أنواع الانتماء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل فعلا يمكن للكاتب أن يتجرد من عناصر هويته؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا، لا يمكن أن يتجرد</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا أتكلم عن النيّة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بمعنى أن لا يكون منطلقه تأكيد فكرة مسبقة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى كتاباتك عن الأماكن وجهة نظر يبدو أنها مصرية وقد يكون هذا منطلقاً للكلام عنها، لكن هل ترفض فكرة تقسيم وجهات النظر إلى وجهة نظر مصرية وأخرى غربية مثلاً؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أرفضها تماماً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك مليون وجهة نظر غربية ومليون وجهة نظر مصرية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بمعنى أن الغرب ليس شيئاً واحداً ومصر ليست شيئاً واحداً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">المكان بالنسبة لى هو اعتبار تقنى بالأساس، لأننى كنت أبحث عن مخرج من النص المجنّس، من فكرة القصة أو الرواية أو أي نوع أدبى معروف ومحدد مسبقاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">والذى حل لي هذه المشكلة هو فكرة المكان</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فالإطار بدلاً من أن يحدده جنس أدبي ما يتحول إلى مكان الذى تكتب عنه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وهكذا يصبح المكان بديلاً عن الدور الذى يلعبه الشكل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وبالتالى تصبح هناك إمكانية لأن تقدم أدبا فى سياق غير أدبى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الذى أراه مهماً هو أن هذا يساهم في فتح مساحة لاستقبال الأدب فى غير أشكاله التقليدية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تقصد خلخلة القوالب الثابتة؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">خلخلة القوالب الثابتة وتقريب الأشياء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8230; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يمكن أن يكون هناك شخصاً مهتماً ببيروت، يريد أن يقرأ عن بيروت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت تعمل أدباً ولكنك أيضاً تكلم هذا الشخص عن بيروت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بل ويمكن فى حالات معينة أن تخدعه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن تقدم له الموضوع على اعتبار أنه عن بيروت بينما أنت لم تكتب كثيراً عن بيروت أو ما تقوله عن بيروت لا يعنيه كثيراً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت تريد أن تقدم أدباً، لكنك تسوّق للكتاب باعتباره عن بيروت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل الجغرافيا تصنع كل هذا الفرق بين البشر؟ ماذا يفرق بشراً عن بشر آخرين؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذا سؤال فلسفى عميق ومستحيل إجابته هكذا</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت ترى الفروق فى الجغرافيا عندما تتحرك على الخريطة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن الذي يصنع الفرق ليس الجغرافيا ولكن السياسة والثقافة واللغة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">التاريخ، بكل جوانبه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أسهل شيء فى هذه المسألة أن تسطّح وتُعمِّم؛ لكن الأشياء ليست بذلك الوضوح</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الصفة التى تقرنها بالمكان </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ربما تجدها على أوضح شكل فى فرد من المكان </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكنها تظل مقرونة بالمكان </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لأنها تتكرر بشكل ربما أقل وضوحاً مع عدد أكبر من الناس</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن هل هناك فروق؟ في رأيى طبعاً هناك فروق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فقط لا يوجد فروق مطلقة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">المثير بالنسبة لى فى المقارنات هو الأماكن التى تشبه بعضها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حين تقارن كندا بأمريكا هذا مثير أكثر من أن تقارن أمريكا بمصر، لأن الفروق بين أمريكا ومصر أوضح وأسهل ولأن مقارنات الأماكن المتشابهة تدخل فى مناطق أرهف، مقارنة المصريين باللبنانيين مثلاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك تشابه كبير جداً لكن هناك اختلافاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذا مثير أكثر بكثير من أن تقارن اللبنانيين بالفرنسيين</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كما أن علاقة العالم الثالث بالأول في جانب منها مُحددة مسبقاً، وعادة ما توجد أجندة سابقة على المقارنة نفسها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فأنت إما ستؤكد أن طرفا أفضل من طرف، أو تحاول أن تدحض ذلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أما فى الأماكن المتشابهة فأنت تهتم بأشياء ليس لها علاقة بأي المكانين أحسن فأنت أصلاً مطمئن لأن الأشياء تشبه بعضها بدرجة كافية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هكذا تصبح مثيرة أكثر، ممتعة أكثر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كل الفكرة فى الكتابة هى المتعة، المتعة بمعناها العميق المتعدد</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الكتابة شكل من أشكال السعى للمعرفة من خلال الاستمتاع</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8230; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يمكن أن تقرأ دراسة فلسفية عميقة جداً ومفيدة جداً وربما تفتح لك آفاقا لم تُفتح قبل ذلك فى تاريخ الإنسانية لكن لا تكون ممتعة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذه أيضاً معرفة، لكن ما الفرق بينها وبين الأدب؟ الكتابة الأكاديمية غير ممتعة على الاطلاق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فوكو مثلاً أفكاره ممتعة جداً، لكن كتابته سيئة ككتابة، بالفعل لا يُقرأ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا يهتم بالصياغة ولا الكتابة، فقط عنده أفكار يقولها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ولأنه يتحرك داخل أعراف أكاديمية لا تضع فى اعتبارها أهمية أن تكون الأشياء مقروءة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذه أزمة حديثة نسبياً، لو عدت إلى القرن التاسع عشر إلى هيوم ولوك وهذه المجموعة مثلاً ستجدهم ممتعين جداً فى القراءة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ليس كلهم بالطبع</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: &#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كانت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مثلا مستحيل، عذاب صرف</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تقرأ صفحتين كاملتين تعاني فيهما لكي تصل إلى فكرة شديدة البساطة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكنها فى النهاية طريقة فى الكتابة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8230; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أعتقد أن الأدب لكى يصبح أدباً لابد أن يكون سلساً وممتعاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل تعتبر المصريين عرباً؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ماذا تقصد بـ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">عرب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">؟ بالمعنى اللغوي والثقافي بديهي أنهم عرب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن بالمعنى العرقى والقومي لا يوجد عرب أصلاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أين هم العرب هؤلاء؟ حتى الجزيرة العربية تعددت واختلطت فيها الأجناس</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">البُعد العرقى هذا أكذوبة كبيرة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كلمة </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">العرق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">عندما تثار فى علاقة بالهوية، لا تكون سوى استراتيجية سياسية لتحقيق أغراض معينة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في مصر مثلاً أنت تداخلت مع أتراك وبربر وأجناس لا حصر لها فضلاً عن الأقباط وقبائل الجزيرة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وحتى الأقباط أنفسهم، من عرفك أنهم أنقى عرقياً؟ هناك صعايدة مسيحيون يشبهون الفراعنة، لكن هناك مسلمين يشبهون الفراعنة أيضاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">! </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وكذلك العروبة السياسية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا لا أوافق على المشروع العروبي السياسي، لكنني أرى الامتداد اللغوى، الامتداد المكانى والزماني للغة العربية، شيئاً جميلاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وأرى الحدود ما بعد الاستعمارية التي تقسّم مساحة هذا الامتداد غير منطقية وسخيفة وغبية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لماذا يكون هناك حدود بينك وبين غزة أو السودان؟ الأمريكى عندما ينزل مصر لا يحتاج فيزا، لكن المغربى يحتاجها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن أليست هذه هي نفسها القومية التى رفضتَها منذ قليل؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لو أن معنى القومية هو إلغاء هذه الحدود المصطنعة، فأنا موافق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن ما يُقصد بالقومية العربية أو فترة ما بعد الاستعمار شيء آخر أراه امتداداً للمشروع الاستعماري نفسه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الدولة العربية فى الحقيقة هى دولة محمد على التى تحللت مبكراً، والتى أقامها شخص غير عربي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أما القصص التى عملها عبد الناصر، فكرة أن يتولى أمر بلد كامل أي ديكتاتور حيوان فيخربها ويروع سكانها بحجة أنه يمثّل العروبة لا تروق لي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">على النقيض هناك توجه ثان في الفكرة التي روج لها لويس عوض بأننا لسنا عرباً على الإطلاق وعلاقتنا بالشرق معدومة بينما يجب أن نتطلع إلى الشمال؛ وهي الفكرة التي أدت إلى الترويج للكتابة بالعامية والقول بأن العامية لغة مستقلة لا علاقة لها بالفصحى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذا أيضاً مرفوض، لأنه شكل من أشكال التحايل السياسي بتحديد الهوية فى اتجاه معين ليس بالضرورة منطقياً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا ضرورة لإنكار أشياء حاصلة وبديهية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أننا نتكلم هذه اللغة، حتى لو كانت محرّفة بطريقة أو بأخرى في أفواهنا، وأن هناك تشابهات تاريخية وثقافية قوية جداً بيننا وبين البلاد المسماة بالبلاد العربية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن فى نفس الوقت ليس معنى ذلك أنه يجب أن يكون هناك مشروع قومى سياسى لو لم تصر عليه تصبح خائناً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ما هى الهوية إذن؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الهوية كارثة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الهوية فخ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">دائماً هناك سعى أن تعرف هويتك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن ما إن تعرفها حتى تريد أن تتخلص منها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ما إن تحددها أو تُعرّف لك من جانب سلطة ما، تصبح خانقة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تحدك وتسطحك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">سؤال الهوية لا يُطرح عملياً إلا فى وضع تحتاج فيه لحسم شيء ما، لكنك ما إن تحسمه حتى يخنقك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى صيغة أدق، أنت عندما تكتب تنطلق من ذاتك، فما هي </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ذاتك</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ذاتي أنني </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بنى آدم</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فقط</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن بنى آدم هذه من ضمن شروطها أن يكون لك لغة معينة ترتاح فيها وعندك علاقة بها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بنى آدم هذه ليست بسيطة كما تبدولأنها محكومة بكل شروط اللحظة التى تكتب فيها، أنك ولدت فى مكان وتربيت فى مكان وعندك علاقة بهذا المكان وعندك رأى فيه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنك غادرت هذا المكان وعدت إليه أو أنك لم تغادره</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن عندك لغة غير اللغة التي تكتب بها، مثلاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8230;</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن أليس في اختيار اللغة قرار سياسي بشكل ما؟ لماذا لا تكتب بالعامية مثلاً؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بالنسبة لى اختيارى للغة العربية يرجع إلى أننى أستريح فيها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أعتقد أن العلاقة بين العامية والفصحى هى الموضوع، ليست هذه وحدها أو تلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى الكتابة نفسها، فى النَص الواحد، أستمتع بالحوار بينهما</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى ترتيب الجملة، فى اختيار المفردة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الفكرة بالنسبة لى فى ذلك التداخل، في تلك الدينامية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ثم إنه في الحقيقة لا توجد فصحى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">! </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ماذا تعنى كلمة </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فصحى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بدقة متناهية؟ أنا لو حاولت أن أكتب فصحى صرفة لن تخرج مني فصحى قرآنية وربما أنتتهي إلى شيء أشبه بكتابة طه حسين على أحسن الفروض</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أعتقد أن طه حسين كان آخر من كتب بالفصحى القرشيّة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وبدءا من نجيب محفوظ الفصحى نفسها تغيرت، تغيرت وتنوعت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وأنت عندك لغة كتابة لها هذا التراث الممتد بهذا الشكل، فلماذا تتخلى عنها مادمت على علاقة حية بالعامية ولا قلق من الرجوع إليها بوصفها اللغة الحية أو لغة الكلام؟ في الفصحىى هناك شئ يحملك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تراث </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">1,500 </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">سنة من الأدب، حتى لو لم تقرأه كله، حتى لو لم تقرأ منه شيئاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يظل يحملك فى الكتابة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">العامية ليس لها تراث كتابة بحجم وزخم وثراء الفصحى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن العامية موجودة وحية ولا تخسر أى شيء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كتابتك بالفصحى لا تبعدك عنها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك فى العالم توجهان</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">التوجه الأوروبى، حيث أدت الحركات القومية إلى اندثار لغة الكتابة الجامعة، اللاتينية، والتأسيس لكل لهجة من لهجاتها باعتبارها لغة مستقلة؛ والتوجه العربي، حيث لم تقنن اللهجات المحلية باعتبارها لغات مختلفة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وأنا أرى في التوجه الثاني منحى جيداً لأنه يتيح الامتداد الزمني والجغرافي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لو أن المغاربة كتبوا بالدارجة المغربية لن تفهم شيئا، لكن من الممكن أن تدخل الدارجة المغربية في الفصحى التي يكتبونها بدرجات</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الفصحى يمكنها أن تتلبس الدارجة المغربية وساعتها ستفهم الدارجة بل وربما ترغب في تعلّمها بعد ذلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل تعبر الفصحى عن أشياء لا تستطيع العامية أن تعبر عنها؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بالتأكيد</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">طبعاً، بمعنى أن الفصحى لها تاريخ طويل في الكتابة وهناك سوابق براقة في الفلسفة والعلوم على سبيل المثال</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى تركيا اليوم، على الرغم من أنه كان هناك سعى عنيف للتخلص من كل الألفاظ العربية والفارسية، تظل معظم الألفاظ الذهنية عربية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: &#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كتاب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أو </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">استقلال</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، مثلاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">العامية المصرية أخذت من التركية كلمات مثل </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أوضة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أو </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">شنطة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، لكن حتى اليوم لا يوجد كلمة للاستقلال بالتركية غير الكلمة العربية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الفصحى بهذا المعنى لغة ذهنية، الأمر الذي لا يعني أن العامية قاصرة عن نقل الأفكار المعقدة أو المشاعر الدقيقة لكنها لا تملك ما يكفي من مفردات لذلك وليس هناك سوابق لاستعمالها في الكتابة على هذا النحو</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وحتى في الكلام أما العامية نادراً ما تؤدي مثل هذه الوظائف بدون الرجوع إلى الفصحى أو سواها من لغات النشاط الذهني غير المتصلة بالحياة اليومية، وهو أمر طبيعي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">معظم المفاهيم الذهنية باستثناء الوافد من لغات أخرى تظل فصحى حتى ونحن نتكلم بالعامية، فكلمة </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تفاعل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أو كلمة </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مركّب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">قد تقال في جملة عامية، لكن مثل هذه الكلمات لا تنتمي للعامية كما تنتمي كلمات مثل </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">شكمان</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أو </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تليفون</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وإن ظلت هناك مفاهيم ذهنية عامية غير موجودة في الفصحى فالمسألة ليست مطلقة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل للفصحى علاقة بهويتك؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">للعامية علاقة أقرب بهويتي لأنها لغتي الأم بالمعنى الحرفي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن العلاقة باللغة لا تكون مباشرة بهذا الشكل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يمكن للغة أن تعكس جانباً ما من هوية ما فى لحظة ما، لكن لا يحدث ذلك بقرار وفي النهاية قد تأخذ قراراً وترجع فيه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا أخذت قرار أن أكتب بالإنجليزية ورجعت فيه أكثر من مرة لأننى وجدت العربية تحقق طموحي الأدبي بشكل أوقع، ولعل القرار الداخلي، غير الواعي كان أن أكتب العربية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وجدت سِكة أكثر إرضاءً في العربية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">والسكة هذه قرار نابع من الداخل وليس عن وعى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يمكنك أن تفكر وتقرر في أي أمر من أمور الحياة لكن القرار الداخلي الخفي هذا هو الذي يحكمك مهما قررت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لماذا درست الفلسفة رغم أنك كنت تنوى التخصص فى الأدب بالأساس؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بدا لي أن الفلسفة مفيدة أكثر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا درست الفلسفة والأدب الإنجليزى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">المقارن، لكن اختيار الأدب الإنجليزى كان تحت ضغط من أهلي الذين اعتبروه مؤهلاً أفضل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">عن نفسي كنت أفضل أن تكون دراستي كلها فلسفة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الأدب لا يُعلَّم وأظن تَعلُّم تقنيات الكتابة أفيد من دراسة الآثار الأدبية أو التعليق عليها كما يحدث في الأدب المقارن حيث أحس الخطاب الأكاديمي هشاً وهيناً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يمكنك أن تقول أي شيء وسـ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يعدّي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">طالما تستخدم نبرة خطابية معينة وتكثر من المرجعيات</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في الفلسفة لا يمكن أن تفعل ذلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كل كلمة محسوبة عليك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كتابة الأوراق الأكاديمية في الفلسفة تدريب رائع على النشاطات الذهنية والقواعد الحرفية التي تدخل في إنتاج الأدب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الدقة والمنطق والاختزال</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وفي الحقيقة يمكن لدراسة الأدب أن تضر بالكاتب لأنها تضع الأشياء فى قوالب وتعتمد على خطاب مواز لا علاقة له بالخبرة المباشرة للقراءة ومن ثم تحيّد القدرة على التقييم الفردي، الشخصي الذي يعتمد عليه الكاتب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يصبح سهلاً أن تقول عن أي شيء أنه جيد أو سيء بشكل مقنع تماماً ولكنه ليس مستمداً من أي خبرة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في نظري أكثر الأكادميين </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">علوقية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هم اساتذة الأدب والأدب المقارن، والنموذج الواضح في رأسي هو إدوارد سعيد – أعرف أن الكثيرين لن يتفقوا معي في ذلك – لأنه يقول الشيء وعكسه ويوظّف خطاباً بالغ التعقيد وكم لا يمكن استيعابه من المعلومات لصالح فكرة مسبقة ومنفصلة عن خبرة القراءة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">دائماً هناك مسافة واسعة بين خبرتك بما تقرأ وإمكانية أن تكتب عنه، وفي السياق الأكاديمي تتسع هذه المسافة أكثر فأكثر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في الفلسفة، على النقيض، ليس وارداً مثل هذا الالتباس</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لماذا رأيت الغرب خدعة؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كان عندى أوهام عن قدرات وإمكانات الناس</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كان عندى أوهام من قبيل أنه لو أن هناك تطوراً فى المجال العام فمعنى هذا أن ينعكس التطور على عقليات الأفراد، بينما ما يميّز الغرب في الواقع نادراً ما يتصل بالعلاقات الإنسانية أو المعرفة على المستوى الشخصي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">إنها أشياء من قبيل الاستهلاك أو أعراف الالتزام بقواعد المرور، وهي تتسرب إلى الأفراد غصباً عنهم، بغض النظر عن آرائهم فيها، كما تتسرب إلينا نحن أشياء قد تراها على النقيض كالفوضى والتقشف</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يمكن أن يكون للأفراد موقفاً من هذه الأشياء في لحظة معينة سواء هنا أو هناك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن بشكل عام هي فقط في الخلفية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل يمكن للعرب أو المصريين أن ينطلقوا إلى الأمام دون أن يستوعبوا ما وصلت إليه الحضارة الغربية من حداثة أو أي منظومة قيمية من هذا النوع؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بالطبع لا يمكن، لكن عليك أن تعرف الانطلاق إلى الأمام بشكل أدق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا أرى أن الحضارة – وأقصى ما تبلغه الحضارة من تطور – ملك الناس جميعاً بغض النظر عن الهوية الثقافية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">قال فوكو إن التاريخ لا يعتمد على </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">المنحنيات الضرورية</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">المفترضة في دراسته ويمكنه أن يتخذ أشكالاً أخرى؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">نعم، لكنك عملياً تستطيع أن تقول إن خصوصيتك الحضارية – والتى لا يجب أن تُعرّفها مسبقاً وإنما لابد من استشرافها شيئاً فشيئاً بمعرض السعى إلى معرفة الذات على المدى الطويل – تستطيع أن تستفيد من كل المنجزات المعرفية المتاحة لك بغض النظر عن مصدرها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وليس بالضرورة أن يحدث التطور بنفس الترتيب الذي حدث به في مكان آخر كالغرب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">التاريخ ليس خطاً مستقيماً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن لكي تحدث الانطلاقة التي تتحدث عنها لابد من الاستفادة من أقصى ما حققته الحضارة الإنسانية دون اعتبار لأسئلة الهوية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بشكل شخصي أرى العلمانية ضرورة ليس فقط لتقنين الحقوق المدنية ولكن لقراءة الفلسفة؛ العلمانية حدثت في الغرب لكن لا يعني ذلك أنها ليست ضرورية في الشرق أيضاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كيف يمكن أن يستفيد الكاتب الشرقى بصفة خاصة من التراكم المعرفى والحضارى الغربى؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك توجهان سائدان فى هذا الموضوع</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">التوجه الأول هو تقديس الغرب، والتعامل معه على أنه قادم من المنطقة الأعلى منك وأنه كله جيد وكله عظيم وأنت لابد لك أن تقلده</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">والتوجه الثانى هو أن </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تؤبلسه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">إن جاز التعبير، ترفضه كاملاً ليس لأنك ترفضه ولكن لأنه جاء إليك من مكان أضر بك في الماضي وهو بالتالي – وبالضرورة – مؤامرة عليك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا أرى أن كون المعرفة قادمة من مكان معين في وقت معين لا يعيبها ولا يميزها على الاطلاق، وعلينا أن نكون أنداداً لأندادنا معرفياً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">شروطنا ولابد مختلفة عن شروطهم، لكن لا يمكن لنا أن نعاملهم بوصفهم آلهة أو أبالسة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لماذا تضع </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مصر</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى كل كتابة </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">رحلاتيّة</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لو صح التعبير؟ هل لا يستطيع الإنسان النظر إلى بيته إلا من خلال بيوت الآخرين؟ هل عليه أن يرى نفسه من الخارج لكى يراها جيداً؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هو لا يستطيع النظر من خلال بيوت الآخرين إلا عندما يكون له بيت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">على المستوى السطحي لا توجد مقارنة بدون مرجعية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وأنت المرجعية الموجودة فى حياتك هى هذا البلد، خصوصاً لو أنك ستتكلم عن العرب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أعتقد أنك تقصد أنني عندما كتبتُ عن بيروت، وضعت بيروت مرجعية لمصر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ومع ذلك كانت نيتي أن أجعل مصر مرجعية للكلام عن بيروت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن أظن الذي حدث في الواقع هو أنني استعملت بيروت لكى أتحدث عن مصر، دون أن أكون واعياً بذلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فكرة أن ترى بيتك أو نفسك عندما تبتعد هي فكرة فاعلة فى حياتى لأسباب كثيرة، لأنني أقمت في إنجلترا سنوات الجامعة وكنت صغيراً جداً على سبيل المثال، ومن ثم تمت معرفتي بالمكان من خلال مكان آخر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فى جوانب كثيرة من حياتى هناك أشياء ثابتة، فأنا مثلاً لازلت أعيش فى البيت الذى ولدتُ فيه، وبالتالي عندك دافع على رؤية بيوت أخرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ومع ذلك، أن تبقى كل هذه السنين في بيت واحد يجعل لك ملامح محددة رغم كل شيء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في رواية </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كتاب الطغرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ستجد أن معادل القاهرة – المرجعية التي تقارن على أساسها – ليس مكاناً ولكنه زمن، وهو زمن متخيل كما أن بيروت في نصي مكان متخيل أيضاً على مستوى ما</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا زرتها فعلاً وكتبت عن ما رأيته فيها لكنني أنتجت مدينة متخيلة فى الحقيقة، لأننى لم أبق هناك سوى عشرة أيام</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت لا تتكلم عن بيروت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت تتكلم عن انطباعك عن بيروت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وكذلك في الطغرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت لا تتكلم عن الدولة العثمانية بقدر ما تتكلم عن انطباعك عنها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وفي الحالتين توجد وظيفة خفية لهذا الانطباع هي إلقاء الضوء على القاهرة الآن</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">معنى الكتابة في حياة وﺍحد مثلي</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كل الأشياء ﺍلتي يمكن ﺃن تُعوّض عنها</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.&#8221; </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ما معنى هذه الجملة؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">معناها أن كل ما لا تستطيع عمله في واقعك، كل ما يحرمك منه الواقع على كل المستويات – وربما أهم ما في ذلك هو احتمال الفهم أو الوضوح – تعوضك عنه الكتابة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكل منا استراتيجية في مواجهة الدنيا وأنت منذ سن مبكر جداً واستراتيدجيتك هي أن تكتب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وليس المقصود بالتعويض هو تحقيق متخيل لرغبات مستحيلة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يحدث التعويض على مستويات عديدة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الكتابة شيء مرن يمكنك أن تحقق من خلاله أشياء عديدة بحسب اللحظة والإنسان</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن الذي لا يتغير أنها وسيلة للتعامل مع حياتك وأنها تخلق توازناً ما</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ربما التوازن أدق من التعويض</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لأنها كمل تعوض تحرم في مكان آخر – وأظن أهم ما تحرمك منه هو الولاء الكامل لشخص تحبه، لأنك وفي خضم ذلك الحب قد يكون ولاؤك لشيء آخر – لكن الكتابة بهذا المعنى تحدث خللاً أيضاً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وهذا التضاد بين سد الفجوات وإحداثها هو الذي يجعل منها طريقة حياة فضلاً عن أي شيء آخر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ولا أعرف إن كان هذا إيجابياً أو سلبياً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هو فقط في صالح الكتابة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت تقبل بذلك لأنه يصبح حياتك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن تكون خائناً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن لا تكون علاقتك بالناس في جوهرها علاقة أخلاقية لأن هناك دوماً أولوية أخرى لها علاقة بما تريد أن تقوم به على الورق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل ستكتب عن ذلك؟ وكيف ستكتب عنه لو كتبت؟ كل ما يحدث لك تكون على مسافة منه بدرجة ما، لأن ما يحدث يحدث على الورق بشكل أوقع مما يحدث على أي مستوى آخر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ما فوﺍئد خبرة ﺍلعمل كصحفي؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">العمل في الصحافة يمنحك منهجية صالحة لإجراء الأحاديث مع الناس وجمع المعلومات، فضلاً عن أنه يروضك على درجة معينة من الإنتاجية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">على المستوى الشخصى، عرضنى العمل فى الصحافة للتعامل المنتظم مع الناس داخل وخارج جريدتي والمؤسسة التي تنتمي إليها، وكنت شخص انطوائياً أواجه صعوبة فى التفاعل الاجتماعي، فطوَّرتُ ميكانيزمات للتعامل بسبب الصحافة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">من هم الشعراء العرب الذين تراهم لهم قيمة حقيقية فى الخمسين سنة الأخيرة؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">سركون بولص</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لأن لديه شفافية شبه مطلقة مع اللغة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وقدرة على أن لا يكون هناك شىء فى الدنيا سوى ما يكتبه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الحياة تخدم الكتابة بشكل مباشر وليس عن طريق تركيبات معقدة وسواء عن قصد أو لا، لا تخدم الكتابة الحياة لحظة واحدة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذا الرجل خرج من بلده وهو في عمر التاسعة عشر ولم يكن متعلماً ولا عنده شىء يخسره، لكنه عاش ليكتب ثم مات دون أن يتخطى ذلك الحاجز الذي يجعل الكاتب – بعد درجة معينة من التحقق – يكتب ليعيش</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كان يتعلم ويتطور حتى مات</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ولم يكن عدم اهتمامه بالنشر وغيره من أشكال التحقق مفتعلاً أو جزءً من خطاب احتفاء بالذات</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ولم يخلط بين الكتابة وفلسطين أو الكتابة وديوان العرب أو الكتابة والتاريخ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ما الذى يفرّق كاتباً أو شاعراً عن آخر؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بالنسبة لي، هناك مسألة أساسية وهي مسألة لها جانبان</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الجانب الأول هو أن يكون إخلاصى الحقيقى للكتابة، بمعنى أن لا توظّف الكتابة لصالح شيء سواها؛ يعنى الكتابة لـ</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وجه الله</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، وهو شيء نادر فعلاً فى الثقافة العربية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بالفعل مربك وصادم أن تكتشف مدى ندرته بعد كل ما قرأت</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكنه موجود عند سركون بولص، هذا الشيء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أما الجانب الثانى فمن الصعب التعبير عنه بوضوح ومن السهل أن يساء فهمه على مستويات عديدة، ومن السهل أن تخطئ في تأويله أيضاً إذا ما حاولت أن تطبقه على شخص بعينه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">إنه ببساطة أن تكتب عن نفسك، بمعنى أن تكون مستعداً للمغامرة بحياتك من أجل ما تكتبه – أنا أفكر في المستوى النفسي، لكنه يحدث على مستويات أخرى أيضاً – وهو ليس شيئاً دونكيشوتياً على الإطلاق</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">إنه في عمق فكرة أن تكون الكتابة استراتيجية لمواجهة الحياة، وبالتالي هو شيء شخصي جداً وأظن له علاقة وثيقة بالحرية، الحرية بمعناها الحقيقي الذي يختلف عن الاستهتار والتخلي والاستعداد لإيذاء الآخرين</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن تكون مستعداً لمواجهة نفسك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن تعرض نفسك لأشياء لو لم تكن ستكتب عنها لا سبب في الدنيا لأن تعرض نفسك لها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وهذا من وجهة نظرى ما يفرّق بين كاتب وآخر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك كاتب متمكن من أدواته وطموح لكنك لا تجد عنده شيئاً من ذلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تظل الحياة شيئاً والكتابة شيئاً آخر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فكرة أن تكون معرضاً، مستعداً للتماهي مع ما قد يُخرج من جوفك كتابة لأنه غيرك بالفعل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن تكون مستعداً لأن تمر بذلك التغير، لأن تخرب حياتك – عملياً – من أجل أن تحصل على خبرة، من أجل أن تكتب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا مثلاً عندما تزوجت وطلقت بعد عام</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يجوز، محتمل، أنني في مكان ما من وعيي كنت أعرف أن هذه الزيجة ستنتهى بهذه السرعة وأريد هذه الخبرة لكى تفيدنى فى رؤية العالم</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بالطبع لم أكن أرى الأمور وقتها بهذا الشكل وإلا أكون مجنوناً وهذا غير مفيد للكتابة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أظن بولص نفسه قال شيئاً بهذا المعنى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنك تكون على الحافة، لو تخطيتها فهذا أشبه بأن لا تكون قد وصلت إليها أساساً، لأنك في فضاء خارج فضاء الاحتكاك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الفكرة كلها أن تبقى على الحافة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لماذا قلت إن ليس لك أسلوب محدد فى الكتابة؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الأسلوب شىء خطير</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت لا تقرره وإذا قررته لا تثبت عليه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت تخترع لغتك وطريقتك ولو فعلت ذلك على مدى سلسلة من النصوص وصلت في آخرها إلى طريقة ثابتة فى الكتابة فهذه مصيبة لأنه لن يمكنك فيما بعد إلا أن تعيد إنتاج ما حققته من قبل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكنها فكرة مقيدة ومضرة فى الحكم على الأشياء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ماذا يعنى أن يكون هذا الكاتب أسلوبه جيد وذاك أسلوبه رديء؟ إنها فقط على باللغة باللغة، وعلى قدر تطور هذه العلاقة يتطور الأسلوب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن يبقى في لغتك شيء خاص بك مهما تجنبت ذلك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8230;</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أين تكمن أهمية التراث، وما معناه، خصوصاً من منظور ما بعد حداثى؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">التراث مثل أى شىء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وليس أهم من أى شىء تستعمله فى الكتابة، مثل خبرتك فى الشارع ومشاجراتك مع زوجتك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كما قلت لك</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك فى اللغة العربية ذلك الامتداد الزمنى العجيب؛ تستطيع أن تقرأ نصاً مكتوباً منذ ألف سنة وتفهمه بلا أي مشاكل</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذه ميزة لا تتوفر لأي لغة أخرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الفرنسية منذ ثلاثمئة عام لا تُفهم</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الإنجليزية القديمة لغة أخرى تماماً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حتى شكسبير صعب</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">التراث بمعناه ما بعد الحداثى هو أن يكون هناك أكثر من وجهة نظر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">القدرة على أن ترى شيئاً معيناً منزاوية معينة لغرض له علاقة بالنص وليس لأنك مؤمن بهذه الرؤية بالضرورة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مثلما ترى أن الدولة العثمانية شىء عظيم في </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الطغرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن ترى ذلك بعيني شخص من مصلحته أن يراه هكذا، ومن ثم تخدم النص</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ليست </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الطغرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تصالحاً مع التراث وليست الدولة العثمانية هدفاً في حد ذاته</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كنت أبحث عن آخر خلافة مُعترف بها على نطاق واسع وآخر خليفة فى منطقتنا هو السلطان العثمانى، وذلك كله لأسباب متعلقة بالنص</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل على الكاتب أن يطمئن لمعرفة القارىء بتفاصيل واقعية أو تاريخية ليتأكد من أن نصه سيُفهَم جيداً؟ أنت كتبتَ ما يشبه تمهيدات تعريفية وتوضيحية فى بداية نص </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الطُغْرى</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ليس من المفترض أن تُجهد القارىء ولا تدفعه للبحث في المعاجم والموسوعات حتى يعرف عما تتكلم</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لو في النص معلومات من المرجح أن لا يفهمها الكثير من القرّاء يجب أن تكون موجودة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا علاقة لذلك بما بعد الحداثي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا أرى أن النص المعاصر يجب أن يخجل من أى شىء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">النص يتحمل أي شيء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يعمل </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مصطفى</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، بطل الرواية، فى جريدة محرراً صحفياً</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مصطفى</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هو أنت؟ وعلى أى مستوى؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">على مستوى ما من الوعى، هو أنا</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن فى الوقت نفسه أنا أقدِّم مصطفى كشخص افتراضى، كصورة افتراضية لي</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بينما فى كتاب بيروت مثلاً المتكلم هو أنا بالفعل وليست هناك أي ادعاءات تخييلية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ومع ذلك فإن الشخصية التي تظهر في كتاب بيروت هي الأخرى ليست أنا تماماً</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الشخصية ليست بنى آدم</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك فرق جوهرى، هناك تحول يحدث من البنى آدم إلى الشخصية أثناء الكتابة حتى لو لم يتغير فيها شىء</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن المهم هو النية</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في الطريقة التي تعرض بها الشخصية أو تقدمها</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الطغرى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا أعرض لشخص افتراضي قد يشبهنى فى أشياء لكنه يختلف عني في أشياء تناسب المجال الذي أخلقه من حوله والذي هو مختلف عن مجالي بالضرورة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنت تخلق واقعا وتخلق بنى آدم كاملا داخل ذلك الواقع</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هذا فرق كبير</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وهو أدعى بأن لا يكون </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مصطفى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل الكتابة هروب من الشخصية – الذات – أم التقاء بها؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">داخل حدود ما، هى توسيع وتعميق وإثراء للشخصية، وهذا يستدعى الهروب فى لحظات كثيرة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن الكتابة نفسها تجبرك على التقنين ا إلى حد ما</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حتى لو كنت تكتب عن طرف ثان، عملية الكتابة تستدعي اختزالات متباينة هدفها أن تبيّن ذلك الشخص</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الواقعية ليست هى الواقع</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">: </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لو كتبت الواقع كما هو، لن تنتج كتابة واقعية على الاطلاق؛ ستنتج </span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">جنان رسمى</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في الواقعية درجة من الكذب حتى تخرج بشيء يشبه ما يراه الناس للواقع على أنه واقع أو كيف يعيشونه</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الواقع فى الكتابة غير الواقع فى الحقيقة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لاحظت أنك تُضمن نصوصك المفردة داخل كتبك، ألا يخل هذا بوحدة العمل أو روحه؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هناك افتراض واهٍ جداً لكنه لطيف، بأن كل شىء تكتبه له علاقة بكل شيء آخر</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وفى لحظة ما يحلو لي اختباؤ هذا الافتراض</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أن تضع نفسك فى ذلك التحدى، كما أنه يمكن أن ترى علاقة لم تكن قد رأيتها قبل ذلك بمجرد أن تضع شيئين جنباً إلى جنب، وقد يفتح لك ذلك سكة جديدة</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل قاموس المصطلحات العامية الملحق برواية </span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الطغرى</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لتسهيل عملية الترجمة، أم لكسب قطاع أوسع من القراء، أم إمعانا فى جعل الرواية تأخذ شكل الكتب التراثية المُحققة؟</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كل هذا وارد</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لكن السبب الرئيسى هو أننى لا أريد أن أتهم بالركاكة أو أنني أخاطب المصريين وحدهم</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وفى نفس الوقت هو يتماشى مع الجو العام لاستدعاء التراث</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا تحسه غريبًا</span></span><span style="font-family:XB Riyaz;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></p>
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		<title>مهاب نصر: آباؤنا .. حزب الكنبة الفاسد</title>
		<link>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%a2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a4%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%af/</link>
		<comments>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%a2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a4%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%af/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 03:43:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[في بيتنا رجل]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[فساد]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[قانون]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[موظف]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ميدان التحرير]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[معرفة]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ناصري]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[وظيفة]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[٢٠ نوفمبر]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[إلحاد]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[إيمان]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[إبداع]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[برجوازي]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[تعليم]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[حزب الكنبة]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[دين]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[سلطة]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[سياسة]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[شطارة]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[طارق البشري]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[كتب مهاب نصر في ٢٥ نوفمبر ٢٠١١: لا يعرض فيلم &#8220;في بيتنا رجل&#8220;، الا وتقفز صورة الأب الموظف، الذي ربى ابنه على الخضوع، والأدب المتمثل في انحناءة الرأس، انحناءة تبقى طول العمر، لأرواح تتحسب أن تأتي يد فتصفعها، أهم ما &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%a2%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a4%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%af/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=4226&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كتب مهاب نصر في ٢٥ نوفمبر ٢٠١١</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">:</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا يعرض فيلم </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">في بيتنا رجل</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، الا وتقفز صورة الأب الموظف، الذي ربى ابنه على الخضوع، والأدب المتمثل في انحناءة الرأس، انحناءة تبقى طول العمر، لأرواح تتحسب أن تأتي يد فتصفعها، أهم ما يعنيها أن تسير الحياة بلا مشاكل مع أن الحياة شنفسها مشكلة، وأن تمر دون مواجهات، وهو ما يعني أن تستبدلها بمواجهة طويلة مع نفسك تخرج منها مهزوما مسلما بالأقدار</span></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لهذا كان تديّن هذا الجيل هو خوف عميق، وأغانيه الدينيه المفضلة مليئة بالحزن المخنث أو الترنح، لا بالمهابة أو الجلال اللذين يمثلان انتماءك الى روح كلية، تربط الوجود في وحدة</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الأب في الفيلم لم يدخل لعبة السياسة الا مضطرا وعلى مضض، صبرا على الرجولة، وليس دفاعا على بلد محتل، فما بالك بميوعة موقفه </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أو موقف نموذجه</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حين تتسلم السلطة فئة تزعم أنها وطنية؟</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هؤلاء شاهدوا الصعود البرجوازي الناصري دون أن يبدلوا بيجاماتهم، وحين استبدلوها استبدلوها بالجلالبيب</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">قبلوا النفقاق للرؤساء على انه احترام، والصمت على الضيم باعتباره طبيعة يستحقونها </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وهم فعلا يستحقونها</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، ربوا أبناءهم على أنانية البيت </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا تصاحب فلان</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا تعطي أشياءك لفلان</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">نحن أفضل من غيرنا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بلدنا يا حبيبي أحسن بلد في الدنيا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لأنهم لم يروا طبعا غيرها</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تعلم هؤلاء باعتبار التعليم </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا العلم</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وسيلة بامكانهم أن يركلوها، </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كما ركلوا من قبل طرابيشهم</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حين استلام الوظيفة، اعتبروا المعرفة سلطة لا اكتشافا، تكريسا لا إبداعا، فاخرجوا لنا أسوأ العقليات الزنخة، حافظي القوانين، لا مبدعيها، من أمثال طارق البشري</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ليس غريبا أن أشهر الساسة كانوا محامين قبل الثورة كما لو أن القانون هو السياسية، وعليهم اعتمد كل محتكر للسلطة، القانون قبل الانسان، تماما كما كانت الكلمة في كتبهم التي استظهروها أهم من الحياة الملقاة خارجها</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تمايلوا مع أم كلثوم برومانسية رخوة، تعوضهم عن رصانة حياة بلا روح</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ولم يسمحوا لحياتهم أبدا أن تكون هي الأغنية</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كانوا ملاحدة لا يجرؤون على الالحاد، مؤمنين عاجزين عن التورط في الايمان</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يتزوجون غالبا المرأة التي لا يحبونها</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بل التي تضمن لهم أن تظل حياتهم السرية وأحلام مراهقاتهم في طي الكتمان</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">آباؤنا كانوا عالة على الحياة، وجاءوا بنا ليتأكدوا أنهم أحياء فعلا، ثم ليؤكدوا من خلالنا أن الحياة كانت وستظل هكذا، سلم متحرك ما ان نضع أرجلنا على أول سلمة فيه حتى يسحبنا الى أعلى</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">: &#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ذاكر يا حبيبي</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">سافر آباؤنا الى الخليج، كالمسافر الى سجن، ولكن بنهم وعقلية اللص</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أو المرابي، طأطأوا روسهم، وهم يحصون الغنيمة، وعادوا بقفاطين ومصاحف، ليبنوا عمارات التمليك، والسوبر ماركت، وليروجوا لاقتصاد </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أنا أولا وأخيرا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">).</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حين تقارن بين ما فعله مغامرون وموظفون أوروبيون حين جاءوا الخليج فكتبوا المذكرات واليوميات، وبين ما يمكن أن يحكيه أحد آبائنا بعد رحلة العودة تعرف معنى فقر الروح والعقل معا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">عادوا مدرسين بسيارات التويوتا، وبتابلوه من الفراء عليه مصحف، وفانلة </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مونتجو</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8221; </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وشبشب</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ليدرسوا لنا التربية القومية ويحفظونا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">:&#8221;</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أتاك الربيع الطلق يختال ضاحكا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">&#8220;.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مع أن ربيعنا خماسيني مترب، يهب مصفرا غاضبا كمن أوقظ قهرا من النوم</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">حرضونا دائما أن نبتعد عن السياسة، التي هي سياسة حياتنا، واستبدلوها في وعينا بالشطارة، أي القدرة على انتهاز الفرص على حساب الغير</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ألقوا في ضمائرنا الشك من كل معرفة تجيئنا من الخارج</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">كانوا على استعداد دائم لتصديق أي سلطة، لأنهم كانوا يضعون أنفسهم في مكانها، ويستعذبون قهرها، كما لو كان ينزل على ظهور آخرين</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هؤلاء الفاسدين المفسدين، هم من تتحرك سلالاتهم الآن مشككة في كل تمرد، بل في كل مغايرة </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">( </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ده ح يتفلسف، يعني انت اللي ح تغير الكون</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">خليك في حالك وشوف مصلحتك</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ما تسمعش كلامهم دول خربوا دماغك</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يعني هو انت ناقصك حاجة</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ده احنا اللي عارفين مصلحتك</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ده انت لسه مش عارف تصرف على نفسك</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">). </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">يزرعون العجز ثم يسألوننا أبناءهم عنه</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أداروا عالما على هيئتهم جبانا كذابا متواطئا </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هي دي الحياة يا ابني بكرة لما تكبر ح تفهم</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، وحين تكبر، يكون قد شاخ عظمك الفقري قبل فروة رأسك</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">فتؤمّن على كلامهم من قسوة العجز، وتحقد مثلهم على كل من يريد أن يغير شكل الحياة</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">تعاملوا مع الحياة على أنها ليست حياتـ</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">(</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هم</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">، بل مصروفا يعطى كل صباح، ولكل نصيبه</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هؤلاء خونة بالسليقة</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">وهذه الثورة يعرفون بالحدس أنها ليست ضد المجلس العسكري ولامبارك ولا الحزب الوطني</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">بل ضدهم من عديمي الموهبة، خصيان الروح، المحرومين من الكرامة، الا باعتبارها سلطة قهر لا اعتزازا بالحياة</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">الثوار ليسوا وحيدين حتى لو كانوا وحيدين، انهم أصحاب البلد حتى لو أخطأوا، لأنهم أصحاب الفعل والمبادرة لامتلاك الحياة التي هي لهم بالأصالة والفعل حتى لو لم يبق في الميدان الا شخص واحد</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ليس عليهم أن يشعروا بالغربة، بل ألا يفاجأوا بحزب الكنبة، والأكثر أن يفرضوا عليه ارادتهم لأنه بلا ارادة، بل هو عدو فكرة الارادة أصلا</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">لا تعتبروا حزب الكنبة أرقاما، فللأرقام حياة أيضا تقع وراءها، بل نفاية تاريخ يتخثر ببطء</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ورائحته أبشع كثيرا من روائح الغاز في الميدان</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><a href="http://wp.me/p4oRQ-TC"><span style="color:#0000e9;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">مهاب نصر</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
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		<title>سيرة صاحب أبي مع الفرانكوفوني الليبي</title>
		<link>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%83%d9%88%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a/</link>
		<comments>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%83%d9%88%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 May 2013 00:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[أول كلامي: أوحّد الله… عشية تحرير العاصمة الليبية، استمعتُ إلى أربعة شعراء يقرأون قصائد نثر كان بعضها بديعاً. ومع ذلك، ومع أن الشعراء معروفون في الدوائر الأدبية، لم يكن للأمسية التي نظمّتْها إحدى دور النشر في القاهرة جمهور سواي وآخر &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/19/%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%83%d9%88%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=3640&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أول كلامي</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">: </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أوحّد الله…</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">عشية تحرير العاصمة الليبية، استمعتُ إلى أربعة شعراء يقرأون قصائد نثر كان بعضها بديعاً</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ومع ذلك، ومع أن الشعراء معروفون في الدوائر الأدبية، لم يكن للأمسية التي نظمّتْها إحدى دور النشر في القاهرة جمهور سواي وآخر من معارفنا</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">طال الحديث عن غياب القارئ وجدوى الكتابة – قال أكثر من طرف إن الشعر فن “نخبوي” وإننا لا يجب أن نحاسب أنفسنا بمقاييس شعبوية لا تتناسب وتطلعاتنا – ثم اصطحبتُ أحد المشاركين وزوجته إلى “الزمالك” لاحتساء القهوة حيث يُمنع، في رمضان، بيع الكحول</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">عزينا أنفسنا بالاضطراب الحاصل في إيقاع اليوم جراء الإمساك وفساد الحياة الثقافية، وأخذنا نعقد مقارنات بينها وبين الحياة السياسية كنقطتي تقاطع بين الشخصي والعام على طريق تعريف الذات</span></span></span></p>
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<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span id="more-3640"></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">طوال الأمسية، في دار النشر، كان أحد المشاركين يخبرنا بتطورات الوضع الذي تصله أخباره أو شائعاته عبر الهاتف أو بطريقة ما</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">القبض على سيف الإسلام، اقتحام المخدع الشخصي لعائشة، انضمام أهالي طرابلس إلى الثوار… الآن تمر سيارات صاخبة، يطل من شبابيكها شبان يلوّحون علم السنوسي فنحييهم بعلامة النصر ونبتسم</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ولا أعرف ما إذا كانت فرحتنا بسقوط القذافي، في ضوء امتعاضنا مما آل إليه الربيع العربي هنا في مصر، أعمق من مشاركتنا الواهنة في الاحتفال</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">إذن – هكذا فكرتُ مازحاً – فقد نجحت مؤامرة “جرذان الخيانة والعمالة والنذالة” على “الجماهيرية العظمى” و”النهر الصناعي العظيم” كما نجحت على “بطل الضربة الجوية” لحرب أكتوبر المبالغ بجنون في الاحتفال بها وإن لم تغير شيئاً في مصر حتى الساعة، فهل تنجح على “المعقل الأخير للممانعة والمقاومة” بارك الله في الجولان؟</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">خطر لي ليلتها أن سوريا لن تتحرر على الأرجح بغير تدخل “دولي” – أن قوات الناتو في دعمها لثوار ليبيا كانت تفعل، وإن على نحو أقل سينمائية وبلا نية في البقاء، ما فعلته القوات الأمريكية لصالح شيعة وأكراد وأحرار العراق سنة ٢٠٠٣، حيث كانت هناك أكثر من ثورة مسلحة وغير مسلحة مستمرة منذ بداية التسعينيات – وأن مثل ذلك التدخل في سوريا سيكون من شأنه أن يطلق النواح القومجي والإسلاموي كما أطلقه وقتئذ على العراق، معضضاً موقف حسن نصر الله مثلاً</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">إنه من قبيل المفارقة أن تكون منظومة النضال “الثوري” ضد “آخَر” مستعمر قد بلغت من الطغيان والغباوة ما يستوجب الاستعانة على الحكومات القمعية التي أفرزتها بذلك الآخر المستمعر نفسه، سواء أكان الديكتاتور كالقذافي من الرعيل الأول للحركة القومية أم كان ثعباناً منسلاً ليس لديه ما يبثه سوى سم السادية والإبادة مثل صدام</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">عند عودتي إلى البيت شاهدتُ، للمرة الثالثة، حلقة ٢٣</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">-</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">١٢</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">- </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">٢٠٠٨ من برنامج “الاتجاه المعاكس”؛ وسرحتُ في تاريخي الشخصي مع المناظرة التي تضمنتْها بين قومي عربي وليبي فرانكوفوني، مسترجعاً ملابسات كل من المشاهدتين السابقتين</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">صلّ على النبي</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كانت المشاهدة الأولى في تاريخ إذاعة الحلقة الأصلي، على الهواء مباشرة كما يقول ضيوف مُعد ومقدّم البرنامج فيصل القاسم من باب تأكيد فكرتهم أو إضفاء أهمية مجانية عليها، مردفين</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: “</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أمام الملايين”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">! </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أيامها كنتُ أسكن في أبو ظبي حيث أنفقت من وقتي على التليفزيون، خلال عام واحد، أكثر مما أنفقت في عمري كله؛ وتعرفتُ إلى قناة الجزيرة بعدما تجنبتها طوال عقد</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">بدا أن الاتجاه المعاكس هو أحد أركان تلك القناة؛ ولعل ما استوقفني ذلك المساء هو أن أحد طرفي المناظرة كان صاحباً قديماً لأبي المحامي المتوفي سنة ٢٠٠٠</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الحقوقي المصري عبد العظيم المغربي، نائب الأمين العام لاتحاد المحامين العرب أو، كما عرفته طفلاً، “عم عبعظيم” – المقيم في باريس </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">حيث زرناه في ستوديو ضيق أثناء رحلة سياحية أواخر الثمانينات</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">هل كان، وقتئذ، هارباً من ملاحقة أمن الدولة؟</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">) – </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ثم الناشط في نقابة المحامين بعد خراب مالطة كما يقول أبي متأسياً</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">مثله مثل أكثر أصدقاء الأسرة من “المثقفين” المسيسين إجمالاً، كان عبد العظيم المغربي قد اختفى من حياتنا قبل الوفاة بسنين؛ ما إن تبيّنت هويته حتى تذكرتُ يوم شكت لي أمي أنه لم يُعزّها وجهاً لوجه</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الباقي معي من ذكراه، سنة ٢٠٠٨، اسمه وسحنته وحقيقة واحدة أخرى هي مربط خلافه المتكرر مع أبي</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أنه ناصري</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لعل “الناصرية” هي التمثل الأغبى للقومية العربية </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">منذ ٢٠٠٥، أوصلتني قراءة التاريخ في امتداده على الشاشات الإخبارية إلى أن القومية العربية، على النقيض المباشر من خطابها، كانت أداة الاستعمار الأوروبي الأنجع في عصر ما بعد الإمبراطوريات</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">) </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لكنها – الناصرية – ظلت تُقدَّم باعتبارها توجهاً سياسياً متماسكاً في ذاته</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ولم أعرف لها معنى، لا وقتها ولا الآن، سوى تقديس أصولي لشخص “البكباشي” التافه الذي أراد أو ادعى إرادة تحرير البلاد العربية أو توحيدها ولم ينشغل في الواقع بغير تحويل نفسه إلى صنم جبار يعبده الفقراء شرط أن يبقوا على جهلهم ويرهبه المتعلمون فيمتنعون عن نشر علمهم بدعوى الإصلاح والتحرر</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لم تتكون قناعتي تلك حتى منتصف العقد الأول من الألفية؛ ولم يكن لها صلة، من ثم، بأن أبي </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الماركسي المرتد</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">) </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">يناصب العهد الشمولي والدولة البوليسية عداء يكاد يكون شخصياً</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كان أبي يحتقر السادات ويستهين بمبارك، لكنه كان يكره عبد الناصر كرهاً حقيقياً – يراهما امتداداً له – وكان كرهه لعبد الناصر من العمق والتصميم بحيث أصبحتُ أنا، الابن الوحيد، مستعداً لتفهم “قائد ثورة يوليو” والتعاطف معه كمحرر الفلاحين وبطل القضية الفلسطينية، لا لشيء إلا لأنقض رأي أب يراه محتالاً مدفوعاً بالحقد الطبقي</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كان أبي يحمّل عبد الناصر مسئولية لا الهزيمة العسكرية والاقتصادية فحسب ولكن أيضاً انهيار الزراعة والتعليم وتدهور مؤسسات الدولة والفضاء العام، فضلاً عن طغيان كان من شأنه أن يحوّل نصف سكان البلد إلى “كتاب تقارير” ويؤدي إلى التنكيل بالمعارضين حتى إخراج رفات موتاهم من القبور</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ولم يكن يرى في تأميم قناة السويس والسد العالي سوى إيماءات مسرحية سيكون ضررها أكبر من نفعها، على المدى الطويل</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">تحاشياً للشجار إثر دفاع عم عبعظيم الهستيري عن “زعيم الأمة العربية” في حال تعبير أبي عن رأيه </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">هذا ما تذكرته بينما أستعد، في أبو ظبي، لحضور مناظرة عن جورج دابليو بوش والعراق</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">)</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">، صارا – أبي وعم عبعظيم – يتحاشيان سيرة عبد الناصر متى التقيا</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لم أكن قد سمعتُ بغريم عبد العظيم المغربي في حلقة الاتجاه المعاكس المعنية، في المقابل</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الهادي شلوف، الحقوقي الفرنسي الليبي الأصل، عضو المحكمة الجنائية الدولية، ومتكأ فيصل القاسم الرئيسي، كما سأكتشف، على طريق وجهة النظر “الأخرى” – غير العروبية، غير القومية، غير الإسلاموية – أو ممثل جناح معارضة المنفى الراديكالي إلى حد النداء بعودة المستعمر </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الأمر الذي سيؤيده فيه، للغرابة، جمهور فيصل القاسم من ممثلي “رجل الشارع” العربي، مشجع الإرهاب الطائفي في العراق، المستعد لنفي ليس المحرقة النازية فحسب وإنما مجازر “الشهيد صدام حسين” كذلك، لمجرد أن صدام أُعدم بمعرفة الأمريكان</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">).</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">في أجواء الخليج المتأمركة على أسوأ نحو ممكن – تلك السلفية العفنة، وبينما الطفل المدلل لشركات النفط متعددة الجنسيات لا يزال يحكم أمريكا والدنيا تحت سطوة الأصولية الرأسمالية للمحافظين الجدد وحربهم على الإرهاب، كان يستحيل النظر إلى ما يفعله الأمريكان في العراق بأي منطق إيجابي؛ ظل الهادي شلوف، مع نبرة صوت فرنسية وأخطاء نحوية أبدته متعجرفاً حتى لو لم يكن كذلك، محصوراً في حيز “خيانة” استعراضية ما فتئ صاحب أبي يتهمه بها، موظفاً “الحنجرة” الغوغائية ذاتها التي اعتدتُها طول عمري من “اليسار”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: “</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">يا عميل جورج بوش، أنت هارب من ليبيا أصلاً… اذهب أيها الهارب العميل”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">! – </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">بل ومعهّراً قيمه هو من أجل تحقير الرأي الآخر</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">معيراً غريمه بالهروب من نظام القذافي، منكراً عليه حق قراءة التاريخ الحديث بما يبدي الصنم الناصري في ضوء سلبي، مفتخراً بتواطؤه مع أنظمة يدعي معارضتها</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY">”<span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">من قال،” هذا ما يكرره عم عبعظيم، بنبرة النبي أو موفده الرسمي، “لكن هذا شأن داخلي” </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">تماماً كما كانت الأنفال وحلبجة، أليس كذلك؟</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">) </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ومع كل ذلك، حيث كان يدافع عن الصهيونية المسيحية التي تحرك الحرب في العراق، بدا موقف المحامي الليبي مبالغاً أو زائفاً في السياق</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">هل كنتُ، عشية تعرفي إلى الهادي شلوف على شاشة الجزيرة في شقتي – المربع الأبيض، خلف شارع دلما في مدينة أبو ظبي، ساعة نفخ صاحب أبي ذلك البوق المقزز للخطاب ما بعد الاستعماري في تصريفه القومي، الشمولي، الكذاب، بخلاف التصريف “الإسلامي” الأكثر سواداً على تلك الشاشة، يوم مضى في صياحه مزيِّفاً مركزه الوظيفي بمنتهى البذاءة ليحط من شأن منافس أنجح وأعلم بما لا يقاس، مقطّباً حاجبيه اللذين يشبهان حرف “في” إذ يتغاضى عن سؤال مَن جلب الأمريكان إلى الجزيرة العربية أساساً، مدعياً الحق والقدرة بينما هو يعمل لدى نظام يعيش على معاداته، ولا يملك سوى أحبال صوت مطاطة ونظرة بلطجي… يوم ألقى الهادي شلوف بجواز سفره على طاولة الاتجاه المعاكس معلناً أنه فخور بالجنسية الفرنسية ولا يحمل غيرها، محتقراً “النظم القمعية الذليلة” – والتي لا “يعارض” صاحب أبي فعلاً سوى نفعيتها وما يسمح به بعضها، على الهامش، من حقوق وحريات – هل كنتُ ممن “يقاومون” الوجود العسكري الأمريكي في العراق؟</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">سنة ٢٠٠٨، هل كنت حتى أنا مشغولاً بـ”القضية”؟</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">زد النبي صلاة</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">!</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كانت الحلقة عن محاكمة بوش المنشودة على جرائمه ضد الإنسانية في أفغانستان والعراق </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">حيث تطوع المحامون العرب المطالبون بهذه المحاكمة أنفسهم للدفاع عن صدام حسين قبل أن “يُستشهد” أو “يُغتال” كما قالوا، بينما الحقيقة أن شعبه حكم عليه بالإعدام، وهم كما ثبت غير قادرين لا على محاكمة بوش ولا على تبرئة “زعيم” عُثر عليه في حفرة</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">): </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">المناسبة المثالية للجعجعة الأخلاقية، على رغم ذلك – محاكمة بوش</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">سوى أن أخلاق المحامين العرب لا تمتد يوماً إدانة الانتهاك الممنهج للحقوق في بلادهم هم، تلك المحكومة عملياً، في حالة عم عبعظيم على الأقل، من جانب القوات الأمريكية ذاتها</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كأن دماء العرب حلال على طغاتهم من “الممانعين” إلى ما لا نهاية وحلال حتى على الأمريكان طالما يسفكها عرب “معتدلون” بالنيابة</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">! </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كأن كرامة العرب، في كلتا الحالتين، مشروطة أنطولوجياً بمجابهة الآخر الأعلم والأقوى ذاته، المستعمر</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">!</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">إنها الصورة المعكوسة للهوية المنسحقة أمام ذلك المستعمر كما تتبدى في كامل قبحها حين تنظر إلى نفسها في المرآة؛ لذلك تنتقم من بني جلدتها ألف مرة قبل أن تنتقم من الآخر العدو مرة واحدة، سواء أبالقمع أم بالإرهاب</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">كانت الحلقة، أقول، عن جرائم أمريكا في العراق</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">بين ٢٠٠٨ و٢٠١١، سنة المشاهدة الثانية، تبدل “نازي العصر” كما سماه الحقوقي المصري برئيس آخر أسود ومتسامح واسم أبيه حسين، ولم يطرأ مع ذلك أي تغير جوهري على السياسة الأمريكية في الشرق الأوسط، فيما اتضح أن وعيد عم عبعظيم ووعوده التي ما فتئ يرددها في الحلقة – “نحن نعمل منذ أربع سنوات إعداداً لمحاكمته كمجرم حرب، ونُعد، وأنشأنا المركز العربي لتوثيق جرائم الحرب والملاحقة القانونية خصيصاً لهذا الغرض… وننتظر، نَعد الدقائق حتى يغادر ما يسمى بالحصانة المزيفة الاستعمارية لكي نطارده” – اتضح أن هذه الوعود لم تكن سوى جعجعة أخلاقية بلا أخلاق، جعجعة أشبه بحذاء أشار ليبي آخر من أبواق القذافي، بالون الخراء المدعو أحمد امبارك الشاطر، إلى أن “البطل الهمام” منتظر الزيدي اشتراه مستعملاً من سوق شعبي في “بلد عبد الناصر”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الحذاء الذي رفض الهادي شلوف أن يجاري الآخرين في افتراض أهميته وهو يصف “حملة الملاحقة” صادقاً بأنها لا توجد، “هذا كله كلام دعائي”، قائلاً إن قذف الأحذية على حين غرة “ليس من ثقافتي ولا من ثقافة رجل القانون”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الحلقة عن محاكمة بوش لكن بينما نسيتُ بوش، اليوم، تغير شيء في نظرتي إلى ما فعله منذ إذاعتها</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">احتلال العراق الذي أصر الحقوقي الليبي أن يسميه “التحرير” والذي عقّده، حد فهمي، لا الوجود العسكري الأمريكي في ذاته ولا الضمير العروبي الأعور كما يسميه الرائع حقيقة كريم بدر، ولكن فلول البعث والإرهاب الإسلاموي وطائفية شيعية مدعومة من إيران</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">بعد يناير ٢٠١١، صرتُ أرى ذلك الاحتلال بمنطق جديد؛ ولأول مرة، هكذا بدا لي أثناء الاستماع إلى ضويف فيصل القاسم بداية من أستاذ تاريخ موريتاني يتصور أن المقصود من “انحلال” الفضائيات الغربية هو استهداف “الأمة” وعبوراً بأستاذ علوم سياسية تونسي يرى أن نتائج الاستفتاءات الرئاسية في العالم العربي، ظاهرة الـ٩٩</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">,</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">٩ في المئة، تعبر عن “توافق وطني”… لعلني فهمتُ ما كان يجري في العراق</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ثمن الحرية ما بعد الزعامة حرب أهلية إذن </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">وربما لهذا لم نحصل في مصر على الحرية، غير أنه لم يكن لدينا زعامة حقيقة نقيم حرباً أهلية في إثرها</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">!) </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لكن هل كان حل تفادي الحرب هو استمرار النظام الشمولي بغض النظر عن جرائمه في حق العراقيين؟ وهل يعتقد أمثال إبراهيم علوش ومشعان الجبوري – ذلك “المهفوف” الجهادي دون أن يكون إسلامياً، الذي ما إن يجابه عراقياً سواه حتى يصرخ</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: “</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">يا إيراني”، وكأن في ذلك الدليل القاطع على انتصاره المسبق في السجال، هل يعتقدون حقاً أن صدام كان حريصاً على مصالح العرب لأنه هدد بإطلاق صواريخ على إسرائيل أو احتل الكويت أو حارب، بلا مبرر وإلى أن استنزف احتمالات الاستمرار، دولة الخميني؟ وهل يعتقدون أنه، حتى هو، لم “يضع يده في يد الأمريكان”؟</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لسنين كانت حرب العراق معضلة بالنسبة إلي</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">سنة ٢٠٠٣، أتذكر، أنا أيضاً حركتني مشاعر قومية</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أنا أيضاً أغضبني كذب الإدارة الأمريكية بشأن أسلحة الدمار الشامل وتورط صدام في ١١ سبتمبر، آلمني “سقوط” عاصمة الدولة العباسية </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">على أساس أن البعثيين، بانقلاباتهم، لم يكونوا قد أشبعوا بغداد “سقوطاً”؟</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">) </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">وتعاطفتُ مع النائحين والمتظاهرين أيضاً، منساقاً وراء الدعوى أن من يدمر العراق ويقتل العراقيين ليسوا العراقيين أنفسهم وأن في “مقاومة” الأمريكان شرف يعادل شرف مقاومة إسرائيل</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أظن المسألة اتضحت بتدريج مضن بين ٢٠٠٣ و٢٠٠٨، مروراً بـ”ثورة الأرز” المجهضة والثورة المضادة التي قادها حزب الله في لبنان بين ٢٠٠٥ و٢٠٠٦</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">مدى ما خلفه القهر أو التعريف المعمم للذات كبديل عن المسئولية الأخلاقية، ليس في العراق فقط، من جهل وعنف وكره مجاني للآخر حتى حين لا يكون الآخر بالضرورة عدواً؛ تحميل أمريكا وإسرائيل مسئولية كل المشاكل من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى نفي الرأي المخالف إلى حيز “العمالة” لأمريكا وإسرائيل، الدولة الوحيدة في المنطقة التي تمارس، على رغم عنصريتها، تداولاً حقيقياً للسلطة ومساءلة منهجية للحكومة وحرصاً على مواطنيها اليهود – ولم يكن يُعين الوعي على تجاوز هذه العقلية كون “المجتمع الدولي” منحازاً، ولا كون المتحالفين معه نصابين إن لم يكونوا عملاء بالمعنى التقني، تماماً كما لم يكن من السهل التعاطف مع الهادي شلوف على رغم صدق ما يقوله لأنه، لحظة يُقال، يَصبّ في مصلحة سياسي مثل بوش</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لكنني لم أفهم بالكامل، أو هكذا يبدو لي، حتى ٢٠١١، عشية المشاهدة الثانية، على “يوتيوب”؛ وكان ذلك بعد مجابهة الأمن المصري، أثناء اعتصام ميدان التحرير الأول </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">٢٨ يناير – ١١ فبراير ٢٠١١</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">). </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">بعد سنتين من الانقطاع عن الجزيرة، أدمنتُ التفرج على الاتجاه المعاكس في الإنترنت، وكنت أفعل متأهباً للمنظور العروبي</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">-</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الإسلاموي والذي يتساوى فيه، على اختلافهم، كل من بن لادن وصدام حسين وحافظ الأسد والقذافي وعبد الناصر وحسن نصر الله، أليس كذلك؟</span></span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">أريد أن أسأل إبراهيم علوش، في سياق مقاومته الهستيرية لـ”مشاريع الهيمنة الخارجية”، أيّ مشاريع هيمنة داخلية ممثلة في أشباه هؤلاء يود طرحها بالمقابل؟ كم انتحارياً أو كردياً وشيعياً أو مسيحياً وعلمانياً ستتكلف، كم مجتمعاً مقوضاً، كم موهبة، كم امرأة، كم رغبة، كم “حنجرة” جعجاع تتسول فتات أنظمة “تعارضها” وتكون من الوقاحة بحيث تطلق على نفسها لفظة “مفكر”؟ كم انقلاباً عسكرياً يفضي إلى زعيم مقدس وكم وريثاً بيولوجياً للحكم الجمهوري ستتكلفه هيمنة إبراهيم علوش الداخلية تلك، أو كم جهازاً قمعياً ومحكمة تفتيش؟ كم كذبة؟</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أريد أن أسأل حماه الله ولد السالم وإبراهيم الخولي ويحيى أبو زكريا تباعاً، إن كان في العالم العربي ما يمكن أن يستهدفه الغرب المتقدم من خلال برامجه الإباحية، إن كان المَخرج من الكارثة الحضارية التي يعانيها المسلمون منذ قرون يكمن في قطع الطريق على مثل هذه البرامج وتكرار كلام عبثي عن أن “شرع الله” نظام حياة متكامل يصلح لكل مكان وزمان ومن ثم يتيح الاستغناء عن العلم الحديث والدولة العلمانية – حيث “الدين” عبارة عن شعائر مفرّغة من أي مضمون سوى كراهية ما سواها، إن كان استبداد الأنظمة العربية لا يعكس وعي المجتمعات التي أفرزتها، ما بعد الاستعمار</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أريد أحداً من المتكلمين باسم الأمة أو العروبة أو الإسلام أن يقنعني أن لحظة خروج الناس إلى الشوارع بالملايين ليقتلهم مواطنوهم بأموال الدولة، ثم لا يعود شيء يتغير سوى وجه الديكتاتور – ولا مؤسسة واحدة يُعتمد عليها غير جيش هو الآخر مستعد لقتل شعبه دفاعاً عن دولة لا زال يسميها “العدو”، لا “قوى سياسية” متماسكة سوى أطياف ذلك الذي يسمونه “الإسلام”، ولا منطق في تقييم الأحداث سوى “نحن” الطيبين و”هم” الأوغاد… أريد أحداً واحداً أن يقنعني أن تلك اللحظة لم تكن نهاية كل المشاريع السياسية القائمة على الهوية </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الوطنية أو الدينية أو المتمثلة في شخص الزعيم</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">)</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">، أنها لم تكن السقوط المدوي والأخير لسيرة شعبية أضحت مملة عن “جان” يمثل الخير ضد “فيلان” يمثل الشر في معركة من أجل شيء يُمكننا أن نسميه الوطن</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size:large;">ونحكي في سيرة نكمّل…</span></span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أكدت لي مشاركة صاحب أبي في الاتجاه المعاكس، بعد خبرتي بالربيع العربي وبعدما رأيتُ موقف “اليسار” في كل لحظة منه، قبل وبعد أنفال مبارك الصغيرة في ميدان التحرير، أكدت لي أننا في بلاد ليس معارضوها سوى طامعين في السلطة بلا حجة إلا الهوية ولا قدرة على التمسك بقيمة أخلاقية أو رؤية مفارقة للوضع القائم، حيث الأبوية المطلقة – الصنم الناصري مثالاً، جذر مسموم ليسوا مستعدين لاقتلاعه، داخل حدود وعي يغلّب الفكرة العاطفية المجردة – الخرافة على الواقع المعاش ولا يتورع عن المتاجرة بها، يقرأ نصوصه الأساسية بحَرفية ويمجّد أو يحقّر ليس إنجازات وحقائق ولكن أفعالاً طارئة وتعميمات مجانية</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">:</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">إذا رأيت عراقياً فلتُعيّره بأن العراق محتل من قبل أن تفهم موقفه من الاحتلال ودون أن تسأل نفسك عن ما فعلت من أجله أو ماذا كنت لتفعل مكانه؛ وإذا تهكم رسام دانماركي على الوهابيين فكل الدانمارك ضد كل المسلمين وكلهم حكومةً ومواطنين ومؤسسات وشركات كلهم كلهم أعداء الله </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">بعد ألف وخمسمئة سنة نصفها في طليعة الحضارة الإنسانية، لعل “الإسلام” من الهشاشة واليأس بحيث يحتاج إلى مشعلي الحرائق في السفارات للدفاع عنه، لعله في حاجة إلى لحية كالبطيخة لتدلل على وجوده، أو منظمة سياسية أقرب ما تكون إلى فاشية موسوليني للمارسته “الصحيحة”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">)</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">؛ وإذا تسلق شاب أبله “عمارة السفارة” لينزع عنها علم إسرائيل، فقد نقض “الشعب المصري” معاهدة كامب ديفيد وانتصرنا على العدو الصهيوني، كما يقول عبد الحليم</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: “</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">انتصرنا انتصرنا انتصرنااا”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">! </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">لن يكون من المجلس العسكري، إثر ذلك، إلا أن ينشئ “جداراً عازلاً” حول مبنى السفارة</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">حدود الأخلاق في حدود الخيال، وهو الشعر</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">ما تتسع فيه آفاق وعينا</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size:large;">***</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">طالما كنت أتساءل عن السر في أن المصريين يتظاهرون بحماسة بالغة ضد أفعال إسرائيل مع الفلسطينيين، أو أمريكا مع العراق، بينما حقوقهم هم مداسة ولا أمل في تمثيل ديمقراطي نزيه يعكس موقف الأغلبية في السياسات الخارجية للدولة، فيكون من شأنه أن تُقطع العلاقات مع إسرائيل رسمياً بلا حاجة إلى تسلق العمارات، وهو ما لاحظته بامتداد الدول العربية</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أن قضية “مركزية” لا تُحل من أجل أن تمتص الطاقة الشعبوية المتاحة، ويُسمح بالتعبير فيها عن الرأي، بقدر، شرط أن تبقى بعيدة بما يكفي عن الواقع المعاش</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">إن دور المعارضة هنا محوري، وهو فعل مزدوج قائم على الترويج للقضية بشكل غير واقعي بالمرة إن لم يكن بالكذب الصريح – “سنلاحقه، سنلاحقه”، بشكل يضمن أن لا تحل القضية على كل حال، وفي الوقت نفسه التكريس للوضع القائم عبر الإيحاء بأن هناك معارضة بالفعل وأنها لا تحقق شيئاً، أنه ليس في الإمكان سوى الكائن</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">صاحب أبي الكذاب</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: “</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أنا كل يوم في القاهرة في مظاهرة – من أجل</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">فتح معبر رفح، من أجل</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">الدفاع عن المقاومة العراقية، والمقاومة اللبنانية، والمقاومة الصومالية…” وعلى رغم أنه “ضد نظامه في مصر”، فهو ليس في مظاهرة لإسقاطه</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">.</span></p>
<p dir="RTL" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">إن هذا ما أتابعه مجدداً بحساسية أعلى في أعقاب “الثورة”، اللحظة الوحيدة التي حضرتُ الناس فيها تتظاهر بل وتموت من أجل حقوقها هي، لا من أجل “القضية” </span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">(</span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">والتي اشترك فيها “اليسار” مع الحكومة “العميلة” التي يعارضها في التنظير لمؤامرات خارجية ونعت المحتجين بالخيانة و”الاندساس”</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">): </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">أن كلاماً يقال أو مسرحيات تُعرَض؛ وبينما القائل أو الممثل، غير المقنع عادة على استعداد لاغتيال من يعارضه معنوياً إن لم يكن جسدياً، يظل غير قادر على تفصيل ولو جملة أو لقطة واحدة ليدلل على صلابة منطقها</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">. </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">فقط يصرخ في وجه مناظره بدعوى الحق الإلهي</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">: </span><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:large;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman, serif;">يا عميل</span></span></span><span style="font-size:large;">!</span></p>
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		<title>Open Letter to Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei</title>
		<link>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/18/open-letter-to-dr-mohamed-elbaradei/</link>
		<comments>http://yrakha.com/2013/05/18/open-letter-to-dr-mohamed-elbaradei/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 May 2013 19:02:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Youssef Rakha</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Mohamed ElBaradei at the World Economic Forum in Davis, Switzerland on 25 January 2007. Image from Wikipedia. First posted on 19 June 2012 *** Dear Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei: Happy 70th and thank you! Truly, thank you: for refusing to be &#8230; <a href="http://yrakha.com/2013/05/18/open-letter-to-dr-mohamed-elbaradei/">Continue reading <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=yrakha.com&#038;blog=1048906&#038;post=5283&#038;subd=yrakha&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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<div><img title="[Mohamed ElBaradei at the World Economic Forum in Davis, Switzerland on 25 January 2007. Image from Wikipedia.]" alt="[Mohamed ElBaradei at the World Economic Forum in Davis, Switzerland on 25 January 2007. Image from Wikipedia.]" src="http://www.jadaliyya.com/content_images/3/Elbaradei.jpg" /></div>
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<div>Mohamed ElBaradei at the World Economic Forum in Davis, Switzerland on 25 January 2007. Image from Wikipedia.</div>
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<p>First posted on 19 June 2012</p>
<p>***</p>
<p>Dear Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei:</p>
<p>Happy 70th and thank you! Truly, thank you: for refusing to be part of this travesty of presidential elections, for rejecting any form of putsch or &#8220;revolutionary justice&#8221;, for insisting on a sound constitution and political pluralism, for understanding democracy at a time when those fighting military dictatorship have completely missed the point. I&#8217;m sure you feel sufficiently vindicated and at peace to enjoy your birthday; and you must realize by now how many Egyptians respect you…</p>
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<p>Dr. ElBaradei,—It&#8217;s been nearly 20 months since I saw you, surrounded by familiar, famous faces, striding into Tahrir Square. You are tall. I could just make out your face a head above the rest from where I stood, and I didn&#8217;t have very strong feelings about it. All through the 18-day sit-in, personages like you would arrive, preceded by the requisite hubbub, always surrounded by faces. You would be mobbed by admirers or the curious (only members of Mubarak&#8217;s party and his police force were unwelcome, then); and before I knew it, you would be gone.</p>
<p>From that evening I recall a squat fortyish protester in a grimy <em>galabeya</em> sashaying in the direction of a crowd that was excited about greeting you. I recall the garment billowing; it was winter, remember? There must&#8217;ve been a strong breeze. I also recall the stubble on the man&#8217;s face as he started wagging his index finger high above his head in an emphatic nay-saying gesture, shouting as he did so. To him you were an emissary of a devil called America and, in that knowing and peremptory way so inherent to Egyptians that it crosses otherwise inviolable class boundaries, he was urging the crowd not to let you sully the sanctity of his patriotic Revolution.</p>
<p>That was the only time I saw you, in February 2011; and I have nothing to say about the occasion or the all-Egyptian faux-urgency of the man&#8217;s behavior. I&#8217;m sure you&#8217;ve seen it many times; I&#8217;m sure you forgive the man his ignorance, too. I thought highly of you then, but even I didn&#8217;t know enough about you to appreciate just how instrumental you had been to him being there at that moment.</p>
<p>Now it is clear to many besides me that, whatever else may be said about it, you&#8217;re the true godfather of our Revolution.</p>
<p>So I am writing to ask you why it has failed so miserably, and what it would mean for it to succeed—whether you really think the aims about which you give interviews will ever be achieved: the bread, the freedom, and the social justice for which the people wanted to topple the regime.<em> </em>I am writing to ask you how it is that such a large group of people end up collectively choosing to screw themselves over.</p>
<p><em> </em>You&#8217;re the right person to address not just because you&#8217;re the closest thing in real life to that mythical Leader whose absence everyone has been lamenting. I choose you and not God, for example, because I agree with your views. I think any Egyptian with any sense of responsibility will understand why you haven&#8217;t been as proactive or incendiary as other pro-Revolution &#8220;presidential hopefuls&#8221; under the circumstances. I think most Egyptians with a little information and sense will agree with your views, provided they can make that tiny leap—so much easier for the rationally-minded and the English-speaking—from imagining a better or a more meaningful life to actually believing it&#8217;s possible. Maybe it is really to mourn the wrenching loss I&#8217;ve felt since the time I saw you that I&#8217;m writing. My stated reason is to ask you why Egyptians cannot make that leap.</p>
<p>Dr. ElBaradei,—For several days now I&#8217;ve been watching you speak on YouTube, admiring your moral and rational consistency: interview after long interview at various points in the endless downward slope that started just as soon as the Revolution seemed to triumph. I&#8217;ve heard you adjust to events by modifying what you had to say about the Muslim Brotherhood (your former allies as opposition under Mubarak) and SCAF, always careful to be fair and civil without shying away from directing blame, never forgetting the general principles on which a given judgement is based. Just now I read your recent statements to <em>The Guardian</em> and I was pleased with your &#8220;withering assessment&#8221; of the Brotherhood, even more so with you acknowledging the failure of young protesters to embrace leadership or direction.</p>
<p>What I still have trouble believing is that it took you that long to realize the Brotherhood was simply the other side of the same originally populist coin, and that the young protesters could be neither superheroes nor seasoned statesmen—just well brought up rioters.</p>
<p>What would it have taken for you to embody the necessary guiding principle, taking the concomitant risks as you did so, making Egypt your state whatever the cost?</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t misunderstand me—I don&#8217;t blame you at all. In fact the reason I ask is that I feel the answer to the question is precisely what it would have taken me, an apolitical individualist, to stay politically active after Mubarak stepped down. And my point is that it has nothing to do with your (my) intentions or abilities. To convince enough Egyptians not to screw themselves over without confronting them with all that is wrong with their lives is an all but impossible objective. Not that I have any sympathy with Mubarak, but I hope you will agree that Mubarak, in this sense, is one of history&#8217;s most fascinating scapegoats: every Egyptian was responsible for the state of things; and for the state of things to improve, every Egyptian would&#8217;ve had to take responsibility.</p>
<p>To make people work in their own interest, it seems, would have taken not only a narrow enough worldview to overlap with all those illiberal feelings that eventually dominated Tahrir—just like that of the &#8220;well-meaning&#8221; among our presidential candidates. It would have taken reducing the leap from imagination to belief to a slogan or a dogma. It would&#8217;ve taken, in other words, some kind of reversal of the original aims of freedom, pluralism, and equality.</p>
<p>Because they confirmed yet again that you could never be the kind of lying bastard who would use the sacrifices of protesters and the discourse of revolution to champion such a reversal, your statements reassured me about what I have to say to you. I don&#8217;t know if I could be counted among &#8220;the young&#8221; whose horn you are so fond of blowing, at 36. But I am going ahead with saying it anyway: What on earth did you think you were doing when you dreamed of a better life for Egyptians?</p>
<p>Not being a dedicated activist or ever particularly keen on protests—not someone who will be persuaded that, unless it articulates something definite and of truly public concern, standing on a street corner holding a sign and chanting slogans is any less ridiculous than it is—I am not a person you are likely to have heard of. But, sharing your sense of responsibility for human life on earth, for Egypt, I hope you will see something in what I have to say nonetheless: not a way out of the nightmare—never that—but a meaning or an insight into what you stand for, which I know now is exactly what I too stand for (however irrelevant I am by comparison). In your person I&#8217;m addressing my own painfully aborted Revolution.</p>
<p>Dear Dr. ElBaradei,—It took you 18 months and I don&#8217;t know how many stays back in Vienna, decisions, retractions, announcements and counter-announcements, to begin to admit that things are worse after the Revolution than they were under Mubarak. I trust you knew all along that the &#8220;transition to democracy&#8221; would take at least that long even with the cooperation of SCAF and the Brotherhood, which (as I expected, and you say you didn&#8217;t) turned out to be absolutely not forthcoming.</p>
<p>I trust you&#8217;ve understood Change, since you first called for it in 2009, as a matter of competence and conscience—democratic enough to include very arguably sectarian and anti-national bodies like the Muslim Brotherhood et al, in the context of liberal nation building, which you spent your life finding out how people do—but still (in terms of motivation and intent) essentially from the top down.</p>
<p>I would never blame you for transparent good intentions. But perhaps because I&#8217;m not as well-meaning as you, perhaps because I&#8217;ve seen more of Egyptian society since the Nineties, and perhaps because I am more prone to boredom than Sisyphean determination, I want to take issue with your motivation. Surely it is on people without access to Twitter and Facebook that Change will ultimately depend—on their capacity to <em>want</em> rights and freedoms, whether they <em>understand</em> them or not.</p>
<p>I think you were wrong to go along with the tendency of Islamists to use the trappings of liberalism including the voting part of democracy to totalitarian ends. I think you were wrong to expect Salafis to sit down with seculars and women without hijab to draft a constitution safeguarding rights and freedoms. I think you were wrong to insist on the myth of peaceful regime change through a SCAF-dominated transition knowing that world powers like Washington are prepared to endorse the worst forms of repression in the name of democracy.</p>
<p>I also think you were wrong to not speak out more forcefully and more often against the proactive and community-aware attitudes that have made boycotting the political process impossible, against the corrupting force of &#8220;traditional&#8221; and provincial values like religion, extended (patriarchal) family, and (xenophobic) patriotism. But I really don&#8217;t know what difference avoiding any of these mistakes would have made.</p>
<p>In retrospect the route you took seems to be exactly as noble as was required for it to lead to <em>this</em>: the vote between Mubarak&#8217;s last prime minister and the Brotherhood&#8217;s second choice for president, under conditions which Amnesty International call &#8220;the legal sanctioning of abuse&#8221; and no end of judiciary, political, and security misconduct (now with a constitutional declaration that divests the president of any power, too, and perhaps yet another secret alliance between Islamists and the military—in case the Brotherhood&#8217;s candidate wins). But it is not so much the route that I want to question as the reason you felt it was worth taking.</p>
<p>Pyschosocial questions about Egyptians as &#8220;a people making history&#8221; in opposition to their own illiberal and identity hangups seem somewhat more fundamental than institutional questions about unchecked power and ruinous corruption—against fascism; and that&#8217;s what I have in mind when I ask what you were thinking. I defer to your knowledge, of course, but I invite you to consider my existence.</p>
<p>What is the point of &#8220;breaking&#8221;—your word—and rebuilding the security apparatus if it is on the basis of arbitrary power and systematic humiliation (a process in which the victim is as implicated as the culprit most of the time) that any authority is respected? What is the point of avoiding rigging where votes can be bought? What is the point, even, of demonstrations when the demonstrators cannot agree on a demand and where—without a a more or less neutral army—just as many <em>baltagiyya</em> or thugs can be instantaneously deployed to turn the protest into a massacre? What is the point, indeed, if people are going to mistake what could have been an effective reform movement for a futile attempt at an old guard-style &#8220;revolution&#8221;? What on earth is the point, Dr. ElBaradei…</p>
<p>What did we think we were doing—I ask you, at the eleventh hour—by seeing the Brotherhood as a legitimate &#8220;national faction&#8221; with rights when all that could mean was turning a freedoms-oriented Revolution into an excuse for sectarian totalitarianism and providing all manner of Islamist extremists with political cover? That squat fortyish man whose interests you had at heart when I saw you in Tahrir, and who nonetheless wagged his finger in protest of you being there—I ask you—was he really staging a revolution? Was the revolution he was staging our Revolution? What is the nature of the collective will he was expressing? Is it any less totalitarian than the will of the sixty-year-old &#8220;nationalist&#8221; police state or the proposed quasi-theocratic &#8220;renaissance&#8221;?</p>
<p>I was exactly as fed up with the Mubarak regime as you were: in my having to get an education outside the country for a university degree—a requirement for what few citizen&#8217;s rights can be had—to be any use; in the incompetence that surrounds my work at a state-run newspaper; in my encounters with the Interior Ministry; in my observation of the economic and educational state of society; in the general sense of indignity I felt as an Arab, as a Muslim, and as an Egyptian; and in the &#8220;ideological&#8221; limitations of the vast majority of even potential &#8220;revolutionaries&#8221; who failed to see Mubarak as an extension of the military takeover of power of July 1952.</p>
<p>I was perhaps even readier than you to make personal sacrifices to topple that regime. And, from the evening of January 25 until the result of the March 19 referendum on constitutional amendments, in 2011, I believed we really were toppling it. I realized we could never peacefully explode the criminal military core of the Egyptian state, but I thought we were on the right path to contending with it as a civil nation, becoming part of contemporary history. After the referendum I realized we had failed, but I thought we could still uncover that core and expose the Brotherhood for the power-hungry, retrogressive force that it is. Then there were parliamentary elections while young men were being killed, and the Brotherhood-dominated parliament proved even worse than I might have expected. And then no one but you refused to participate in yet another travesty of democratic process. At some point I realized that we had missed our chance, maybe: probably after one of the massacres in late 2011. Protests that had given us power to depose the president were so overused and emptied of content they were not only politically ineffective; they drove the neighbors in Abbassiya to actively attack protesters.</p>
<p>By that point I had already stopped going to protests. I&#8217;d stopped feeling that protesters, whose sacrifices were turning into a cheap political card in the hands of Islamists and whose leaders—the star activists—felt no responsibility for the loss of life, were expressing anything like my Revolution. I began to feel there was no point targeting the political process until Change happened from the bottom up; and it was then that I thought of you, while you were in Vienna…</p>
<p>I thought of you, of Egyptian culture, and of the madness of endorsing Islamism as the only possible alternative to nationalism however politically suppressed Islamists had been: What did you think you were doing when you called for Change from the top down? Why did we call our protests a revolution? Was there an alternative to either?</p>
<p>Dr. ElBaradei,—Since January 2011 I have wept three times only: once, after coming home the morning of January 29, from the sheer horror and beauty of our battle against Mubarak&#8217;s security, which we had unequivocally won; another time, when I realized the Islamists had managed to obtain a yes vote for the benefit of SCAF in the referendum on constitutional amendments—I was in France then, on a writer&#8217;s residency in the Riviera, and I remember retiring early to my room in the beautiful villa where I was staying and thinking there was not much left to fight for.</p>
<p>The third time I wept, Dr. ElBaradei, was on the announcement of the results of the first round of presidential elections, even though the results were precisely what I had expected, when it was demonstrated to me with unprecedented clarity that fascism and the herd mentality were still far stronger than the civil nation that I aspire to being part of.</p>
<p>I am not weeping now, but I ask you—apart from silence and the slow apolitical work we were all already doing under Mubarak, when apolitical work was both more effective and easier to do—where do we go from here? Now that our sacrifices and aspirations have been turned into a struggle between two kinds of fascism whose sudden alliance may render us nonexistent, is there really anywhere we can go, Dr. ElBaradaei?</p>
<p>Truly yours,</p>
<p>Youssef Rakha</p>
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			<media:title type="html">[Mohamed ElBaradei at the World Economic Forum in Davis, Switzerland on 25 January 2007. Image from Wikipedia.]</media:title>
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